Papers by Fabio Parazzini
Nutrients
Caffeine intake, a frequent lifestyle exposure, has a number of biological effects. We designed a... more Caffeine intake, a frequent lifestyle exposure, has a number of biological effects. We designed a cohort study to investigate the relation between lifestyle and assisted reproduction technique (ART) outcomes. From September 2014 to December 2016, 339 subfertile couples referring to an Italian fertility clinic and eligible for ART procedures were enrolled in our study. Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, and usual alcohol and caffeine consumption in the year prior to ART were recorded. The mean age of participants was 36.6 ± 3.6 years in women and 39.4 ± 5.2 years in men. After oocytes retrieval, 293 (86.4%) underwent implantation, 110 (32.4%) achieved clinical pregnancy, and 82 (24.2%) live birth. Maternal age was the main determinant of ART outcome. In a model including women’s age and college degree, smoking habits, calorie and alcohol intake for both partners, previous ART cycles, and partner’s caffeine intake, we did not observe any association between caffeine intake and...
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Nutrition and Cancer, 1995
Using data from a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy, we analyzed the relation betwee... more Using data from a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy, we analyzed the relation between alcohol drinking and risk of endometrial cancer. Cases were 726 patients, < 75 years of age, admitted to the Ospedale Maggiore (including the 4 largest teaching and general hospitals in the Greater Milan area), the University Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, and the National Cancer Institute of Milan with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer. Controls were 2,123 nonhysterectomized patients, < 75 years of age, admitted for acute nongynecological non-hormone-related nonneoplastic conditions to the same network of hospitals where cases had been identified. When total consumption of all alcoholic beverages was considered, 68.2% of cases and 63.9% of controls were drinkers and 12% of cases and 9.3% of controls reported > or = 2 drinks/day. Considering total alcohol drinking, the relative risk for alcohol drinkers vs. nondrinkers was 1.3 (95% confidence interval 1.1-1.5), and the RR estimates for subsequent levels of intake were 1.1, 1.4, and 1.6 for women drinking > 0 < or = 1, > 1 < or = 2 drinks/day (chi 2(1) trend 11.33, p < 0.001). The estimates were similar when wine only (which represents the large majority of all alcohol intake in Italy) was considered, whereas data were less informative for beer and spirits intake only. No relation emerged between duration of alcohol consumption and risk of endometrial cancer. These findings suggest a potential link between alcohol drinking and endometrial cancer risk and are, in any case, inconsistent with a protective role of alcohol in endometrial carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Gynecologic Oncology, 1995
To determine the relationship between cigarette smoking and endometrial cancer, we conducted a ca... more To determine the relationship between cigarette smoking and endometrial cancer, we conducted a case-control study. The cases were 726 patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancers 74 years of age or less (median age, 59 years; range, 31-74) admitted between 1983 and 1992 to the Ospedale Maggiore (including the four largest teaching and general hospitals in the greater Milan area), to the Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinics, and to the National Cancer Institute of Milan. The controls were 1452 patients younger than 75 years (median age, 59; range, 25-74) admitted for acute, nongynecological, nonhormonal, nonneoplastic conditions to the same network of hospitals where cases had been identified. Cases were less frequently ever-smokers (19%) than controls (25%). In comparison with never-smokers, the relative risk (RR) of endometrial cancer was 0.8 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.7-1.1) in current smokers and 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-0.9) in ex-smokers. The risk of endometrial cancer decreased with number of cigarettes smoked per day and duration of habit. The estimated RR were, in comparison with never-smokers, 0.8 and 0.6 respectively in smokers of less than 20 and 20 or more cigarettes per day (chi 2(1) trend 5.48, P = 0.02) and 1.0 and 0.5 in ever-smokers for less than 20 and for 20 years or more. There was no clear relation with time since first smoking, but the RR was lower in ex-smokers who had stopped smoking less than 10 years before the interview (RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8) than in those who had stopped 10 years or more before (RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5-1.4). The estimated RR for ever-smokers was close to unity in premenopausal women, but apparently stronger in premenopause. Likewise the RR was 0.9 in lean (< 25 Quetelet's index) smoking women in comparison with lean nonsmokers, but smoking appeared to reduce the association with overweight. The estimated RR of endometrial cancer, in comparison with nonsmokers with Quetelet's index < 25 was 2.0 in nonsmokers with Quetelet's index > or = 25, and 1.3 in smokers with Quetelet's index > or = 25. These findings confirm the role of smoking on endometrial cancer risk. The risk reduction is, however, moderate in relative terms, and negligible from a public health point of view, in consideration of the negative consequences of smoking in several other diseases.
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Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2015
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Nutrition and cancer, Jan 31, 2015
Some studies have considered the association between diet and uterine fibroid risk, but the issue... more Some studies have considered the association between diet and uterine fibroid risk, but the issue is largely unsettled. To identify potential modifiable risk factors for fibroid development, we have herein systematically reviewed prior publications dealing with this aspect. Comprehensive searches in electronic databases were conducted to collect studies published on association between uterine leiomyomas and both nutrients and food groups. We identified 13 publications deriving from 4 case-control, 3 cross-sectional, and 4 cohort studies. A protective effect has been demonstrated for consumption of fruits and green vegetables in both case-control and cohort studies. Moreover, very recent cross-sectional and case-control studies evaluating serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 tend to indicate that vitamin D insufficiency, which may in part be due to the diet intake, may play an important role in the development of uterine fibroids. No association was found with the intake of fibers, ...
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BMJ Open, 2014
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Psychopathology, 2011
The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and impact of unexplained somatic symptoms du... more The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and impact of unexplained somatic symptoms during major depression. A total of 560 consecutive outpatients with a major depressive episode according to the DSM-IV (text revision) were evaluated in 30 psychiatric facilities throughout Italy. 'Unexplained' somatic symptoms were evaluated using the 30-item Somatic Symptoms Checklist (SSCL-30). Somatic symptoms were considered explained if they were best accounted for as coming from a concomitant physical illness or side effects. Patients evaluated their own mood symptomatology using the Zung questionnaires for depression and anxiety and the Hypomania Checklist-32. According to the SSCL-30, only 90 subjects (16.1%) had no unexplained somatic symptoms, while 231 (41.3%) had 1-5 unexplained symptoms and 239 (42.7%) had more than 5. Asthenia was the most commonly observed unexplained somatic symptom (53% of patients). Unexplained somatic symptoms were more common in females and among those suffering from major depression and depression not otherwise specified rather than in patients with recurrent major depression and bipolar disorders. No relationship between unexplained somatic symptoms and hypomanic features was observed. The presence of a large number of unexplained somatic symptoms is associated with more severe depression and higher rates of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
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Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2013
A connection between dietary factors and endometriosis onset has become a topic of interest mostl... more A connection between dietary factors and endometriosis onset has become a topic of interest mostly due to the observation that physiological and pathological processes of the disease can be influenced by diet. This paper systematically reviews prior publications dealing with this aspect in order to identify potentially modifiable risk factors. Comprehensive searches in the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Science Citation Index Expanded were conducted to identify published studies evaluating the association between food intake (nutrients and food groups) and endometriosis. Eleven studies were identified: 10 case-control and one cohort study. Information on diet was collected using food frequency questionnaires in seven studies, while in one study the questionnaire focused on caffeine and alcohol intake. Women with endometriosis seem to consume fewer vegetables and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and more red meat, coffee and trans fats but these findings could not be consistently replicated. Most data have also been discussed herein in light of the available experimental and animal model results. At present, evidence supporting a significant association between diet and endometriosis is equivocal. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of diet on endometriosis risk and progression.
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Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2006
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Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2010
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Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 2011
A prospective cohort study conducted in Italy on homocysteine and red cell folate levels in pregn... more A prospective cohort study conducted in Italy on homocysteine and red cell folate levels in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. A cohort of pregnant women was identified in 21 Italian obstetric centers. Women were eligible at 8th-10th week of gestation. All women were followed up to delivery in order to collect information on pregnancy outcome and birth weight (BW). Two hundred forty-four women were included in the analysis. In women not reporting current use of folate at study entry, the median homocysteine levels (micromol/l) were 7.9, 8.1, and 8.5 at the 8th-10th, 16th, and 22nd week of gestation, respectively; the median red cells folate levels (nmol/dl) were 3.9, 6.1, and 7.0. The mean BW tended to be lower in the 2nd and 3rd tertile of homocysteine levels in comparison with the 1st tertile (p<0.05 at the 8th-10th and 22nd week). The mean week of gestation at birth was higher in subjects in the 2nd and 3rd tertile of red cell folate at the 8th?10th and 16th week of gestation. This study estimated homocysteine and plasma folate levels in Italian pregnant women and suggested that homocysteine level was associated with BW.
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Preventive Medicine, 2014
Only a few European studies focused on aspirin use in the general population. We provide updated ... more Only a few European studies focused on aspirin use in the general population. We provide updated information on the prevalence and determinants of regular aspirin use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Italian adult population. We used data from a survey conducted in Italy in 2013, on a sample of 3000 individuals, representative of the general Italian population aged ≥15years. Overall, 10.9% of Italians reported a regular use of aspirin, 11.2% of men and 10.5% of women. Aspirin use significantly increased with age. The highest prevalence of aspirin use was observed among the elderly (30.3%), ex-smokers (22.6%), and in individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes (52.0%), hypertension (42.6%) or hypercholesterolemia (38.6%). After adjustment for several covariates, no significant heterogeneity in aspirin use was observed according to education, body mass index, and physical activity. Only 1.2% of low CVD risk individuals regularly used aspirin versus 48.3% of individuals with high CVD risk. About 3.4million high CVD risk Italians do not regularly use aspirin for primary or secondary prevention. Thus, more widespread preventive strategy is recommended for this population, once individual benefits of regular aspirin use exceed harms.
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Menopause, 2010
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Maturitas, 1999
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Journal of Women's Health, 2010
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International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2003
The aim of this study was to analyse in a large sample of HIV-infected subjects the expectations ... more The aim of this study was to analyse in a large sample of HIV-infected subjects the expectations toward complementary therapies (CT) and the characteristics of users. Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were distributed in seven European countries among HIV-infected subjects consecutively attending the offices of AIDS organizations. Among 632 ever CT users, nutritional supplements (124 subjects) and psycho-physiological approaches (116 subjects) were the most frequent CT used: 61.4% used CT to improve energy. Half the CT users wanted to prevent or alleviate the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) side effects. General malaise and neuropathy were the most common HAART side effects, where CT users found improvement (62.0% and 54.7%, respectively). Acupuncture improved neuropathy in a high proportion of subjects (87.5%); whereas for others CT were considered less effective (range 20.0-36.4%). The most common expectations from CT were to improve energy and to prevent or alleviate the HAART side effects. This suggests that HIV-infected people expect not so much specific help as general support from CT.
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Sozial- und Pr�ventivmedizin SPM, 1991
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International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 2004
Various histological types of ovarian cancer may develop from different etiological aspects. Data... more Various histological types of ovarian cancer may develop from different etiological aspects. Data separated by histological subtypes collected in the framework of a large case-control study on ovarian cancer conducted in Italy were analyzed. The cases were women below the age of 75 years, admitted to a network of hospitals in Milan. Cases were grouped into four categories by histological type: mucinous tumor (n = 52), serous tumor (n = 680), endometrioid tumor (n = 41), and other histologies including clear-cell and undifferentiated epithelial tumors (n = 50). Controls were 2758 patients admitted to the same network of hospitals for a wide spectrum of acute, nongynecological, non-hormone-related, non-neoplastic conditions. In comparison with nulliparae, the risk of serous, endometrioid, and other histologies of ovarian cancer tended to be lower in parous women, but the odds ratios (OR) were above unity for mucinous ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptive use was associated with OR lower than unity for serous (OR = 0.7) and endometrioid (OR = 0.8) ovarian cancers but not for mucinous (OR = 1.4) and other histologies (OR = 1.6). Finally, our results on dietary fat intake did not show substantial differences in all histological types of ovarian cancer.
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Papers by Fabio Parazzini