Papers by Alessandro Laviano
Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis, 2012
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Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, Jan 14, 2015
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The Heart Surgery Forum, 2013
Current knowledge on the pervasiveness of increased nutritional risk in cardiovascular diseases i... more Current knowledge on the pervasiveness of increased nutritional risk in cardiovascular diseases is limited. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of nutritional risk screening in patients scheduled for rehabilitation after heart surgery. Prevalence and extent of nutritional risk were studied in connection with patients' characteristics and seasonal climate effects on weight loss dynamics. The cohort included 65 consecutive patients with an age range of 25-84 years, 2-6 months after surgical treatment for ischemic or valvular heart disease. Nutritional risk screening was appraised using a standardized NRS-2002 questionnaire. Groups were analyzed according to a timeline of rehabilitation according to the "cold" and "warm" seasons of the moderate Mediterranean climate in Opatija, Croatia. Increased nutritional risk scores (NRS-2002) of >3 were found in 96% of studied patients. Mean NRS-2002 of patients was 5.0 ± 1.0, with a percentage weight loss history of 11.7% ± 2.2% (4.6-19.0). Risk was found to be more pronounced during the warmer season, with NRS-2002 scores of 5.3 ± 0.7 versus 4.8 ± 1.1 (P = 0.136) and greater loss of weight of 13.0% ± 3.2% versus 10.6% ± 3% (P = 0.005), respectively. Increased nutritional risk correlated significantly with creatinine concentrations (rho = 0.359; P = 0.034 versus 0.584; P = 0.001, respectively). Significant discordance in correlations was found between NRS-2002 and the decrease in left ventricle systolic function (rho correlation coefficient [rho-cc] = -0.428; P = 0.009), the increase in glucose concentrations (cc = 0.600; P < 0.001), and the decrease in erythrocyte counts (cc = -0.520; P = 0.001) during the colder season. Increased nutritional risk was found to be frequently expressed in the course of rehabilitation after heart surgery. Although seasonal climate effects influenced the weight loss dynamics, the impact on reproducibility of NRS-2002 was clinically less important. Further studies on the connection of nutritional risk with composited end points might offer improvements in overall quality of treatment.
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Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 2015
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British journal of cancer, Jan 10, 2009
Cancer cachexia is characterised by metabolic alterations leading to loss of adipose tissue and l... more Cancer cachexia is characterised by metabolic alterations leading to loss of adipose tissue and lean body mass and directly compromises physical performance and the quality of life of cancer patients. In a murine cancer cachectic model, the effects of dietary supplementation with a specific combination of high protein, leucine and fish oil on weight loss, muscle function and physical activity were investigated. Male CD2F1 mice, 6-7 weeks old, were divided into body weight-matched groups: (1) control, (2) tumour-bearing, and (3) tumour-bearing receiving experimental diets. Tumours were induced by s.c. inoculation with murine colon adenocarcinoma (C26) cells. Food intake, body mass, tumour size and 24 h-activity were monitored. Then, 20 days after tumour/vehicle inoculation, the animals were killed and muscle function was tested ex vivo. Tumour-bearing mice showed reduced carcass, muscle and fat mass compared with controls. EDL muscle performance and total daily activity were impaired...
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British journal of cancer, Jan 27, 2009
Chemotherapy-induced fatigue is a multidimensional symptom. Oxidative stress has been proposed as... more Chemotherapy-induced fatigue is a multidimensional symptom. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a working mechanism for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study, doxorubicin (DOX) was tested on skeletal muscle function. Doxorubicin induced impaired ex vivo skeletal muscle relaxation followed in time by contraction impediment, which could be explained by DOX-induced changes in Ca(2+) responses of myotubes in vitro. The Ca(2+) responses in skeletal muscle, however, could not be explained by oxidative stress.
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British journal of cancer, Jan 16, 2008
The majority of patients with advanced cancer are recognised by impaired immune competence influe... more The majority of patients with advanced cancer are recognised by impaired immune competence influenced by several factors, including the type and stage of the tumour and the presence of cachexia. Recently, a specific nutritional combination containing fish oil, specific oligosaccharide mixture, high protein content and leucine has been developed aimed to support the immune system of cancer patients in order to reduce the frequency and severity of (infectious) complications. In a recently modified animal model cachexia is induced by inoculation of C26 tumour cells in mice. In a pre-cachectic state, no effect was observed on contact hypersensitivity, a validated in vivo method to measure Th1-mediated immune function, after adding the individual nutritional ingredients to the diet of tumour-bearing mice. However, the complete mixture resulted in significantly improved Th1 immunity. Moreover, in a cachectic state, the complete mixture reduced plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines a...
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Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2013
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Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2010
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Oncology Reports, 2011
Cancer cachexia, which is characterized by muscle wasting, is associated with increased morbidity... more Cancer cachexia, which is characterized by muscle wasting, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Because muscle protein synthesis may be increased and protein breakdown reduced by leucine supplementation, we used the C26 tumor-bearing cachectic mouse model to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with leucine on muscle weight and the markers of muscle protein breakdown (mRNA of atrogin and murf). Male CD2F1 mice were subcutaneously inoculated with tumor cells (tumor-bearing mice; TB) or were sham injected (control; C). They were fed standard diets or diets supplemented with leucine [1 gr (TB1Leu) or 8 gr (TB8Leu) supplemented leucine per kg feed]; TB and C received 8.7% Leu/g protein, TB1Leu received 9.6% Leu/g protein and TB8Leu received 14.6 Leu/g protein. After 21 days, the following were determined: body weights, plasma amino-acid concentrations, tumor size and muscle mass of the gastrocnemius (mG), tibialis anterior (mTA), extensor digitorum longus (mEDL) and soleus (mS) muscles. In tumor-bearing (TB) mice, carcass and skeletal muscle masses decreased, and levels of atrogin and murf mRNA in the mEDL increased. Muscle-mass loss was counteracted dose-dependently by leucine supplementation: relative to TB, the mass of the mG was +23% in TB8Leu, and +22% in mTA (p<0.05). However, leucine supplementation did not change atrogin and murf mRNA levels. Total plasma amino acid concentrations increased in TB, especially for taurine, lysine, arginine and alanine (p<0.05). Leucine supplementation attenuated the increase in total plasma amino-acid concentrations (p<0.05). Irrespective of changes in muscle protein breakdown markers, leucine supplementation reduced muscle wasting in tumor-bearing cachectic mice and attenuated changes in plasma amino acids.
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British Journal of Cancer - BRIT J CANCER, 2009
Chemotherapy-induced fatigue is a multidimensional symptom. Oxidative stress has been proposed as... more Chemotherapy-induced fatigue is a multidimensional symptom. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a working mechanism for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study, doxorubicin (DOX) was tested on skeletal muscle function. Doxorubicin induced impaired ex vivo skeletal muscle relaxation followed in time by contraction impediment, which could be explained by DOX-induced changes in Ca(2+) responses of myotubes in vitro. The Ca(2+) responses in skeletal muscle, however, could not be explained by oxidative stress
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Medical Principles and Practice, 2011
ABSTRACT No abstract available.
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European Journal of Pharmacology, 2011
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Clinical Nutrition Supplements, 2011
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Clinical Nutrition Supplements, 2009
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Clinical Nutrition Supplements, 2009
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Mediators of inflammation, 2015
Inflammation characterizes the course of acute and chronic diseases and is largely responsible fo... more Inflammation characterizes the course of acute and chronic diseases and is largely responsible for the metabolic and behavioral changes occurring during the clinical journey of patients. Robust data indicate that, during cancer, functional modifications within brain areas regulating energy homeostasis contribute to the onset of anorexia, reduced food intake, and increased catabolism of muscle mass and adipose tissue. In particular, functional changes are associated with increased hypothalamic concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, which suggests that neuroinflammation may represent the adaptive response of the brain to peripheral challenges, including tumor growth. Within this conceptual framework, the vagus nerve appears to be involved in conveying alert signals to the hypothalamus, whereas hypothalamic serotonin appears to contribute to triggering catabolic signals.
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Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, Jan 27, 2015
To test the performance of appetite assessment tools among patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). ... more To test the performance of appetite assessment tools among patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). Cross-sectional. Two hundred twenty-one patients receiving HD enrolled in seven dialysis facilities in Northern California. We assessed 5 appetite assessment tools (self-assessment of appetite, subjective assessment of appetite, visual analog scale [VAS], Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy [FAACT] score, and the Anorexia Questionnaire [AQ]). Reported food intake, normalized protein catabolic rate, and change in body weight were used as criterion measures, and we assessed associations among the appetite tools and biomarkers associated with nutrition and inflammation. Patients were asked to report their appetite and the percentage of food eaten (from 0% to 100%) during the last meal compared to usual intake. Fifty-eight (26%) patients reported food intake ≤ 50% (defined as poor appetite). The prevalence of anorexia was 12% by self-assessment of appetite, 6% by subjective as...
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Summary Nutritional support is becoming a mainstay of the comprehensive therapeutic approach to p... more Summary Nutritional support is becoming a mainstay of the comprehensive therapeutic approach to patients with chronic diseases. Chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently associated with the progressive development of malnutrition, due to reduced energy intake, increased energy expenditure and impaired anabolism. Malnutrition and eventually cachexia have been shown to have a negative influence on
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PLOS ONE, 2015
To develop a simple scoring system to predict 30 day in-hospital mortality of in-patients excludi... more To develop a simple scoring system to predict 30 day in-hospital mortality of in-patients excluding those from intensive care units based on easily obtainable demographic, disease and nutrition related patient data. Score development with general estimation equation methodology and model selection by P-value thresholding based on a cross-sectional sample of 52 risk indicators with 123 item classes collected with questionnaires and stored in an multilingual online database. Worldwide prospective cross-sectional cohort with 30 day in-hospital mortality from the nutritionDay 2006-2009 and an external validation sample from 2012. We included 43894 patients from 2480 units in 32 countries. 1631(3.72%) patients died within 30 days in hospital. The Patient- And Nutrition-Derived Outcome Risk Assessment (PANDORA) score predicts 30-day hospital mortality based on 7 indicators with 31 item classes on a scale from 0 to 75 points. The indicators are age (0 to 17 points), nutrient intake on nutritionDay (0 to 12 points), mobility (0 to 11 points), fluid status (0 to 10 points), BMI (0 to 9 points), cancer (9 points) and main patient group (0 to 7 points). An appropriate model fit has been achieved. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for mortality prediction was 0.82 in the development sample and 0.79 in the external validation sample. The PANDORA score is a simple, robust scoring system for a general population of hospitalised patients to be used for risk stratification and benchmarking.
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Papers by Alessandro Laviano