Muhammed Bello
| ụdịekere | nwoke  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | Naijiria, Sokoto Caliphate |
| aha enyere | Mohammed |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Bello |
| aha ọma | sultan |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 1781, 1780 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Wurno |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 1837 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Wurno |
| Ńnà | Uthman Dan Fodio |
| nwa | Ali Babba bin Bello |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị |
| Ọkwá o ji | Sultan of Sokoto |
| agbụrụ | Fulbe people |
[1]Muhammadu Bello bụ Sultan nke Sokoto nke abụọ [1] wee chịa site na 1817 ruo 1837. Ọ bụkwa onye edemede na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke ihe mere eme, uri, na ogbu Islam . Ọ bụ nwa na onye mbụ mbụ nye Usman dan Fodio, onye Sokoto Caliphate na Sultan. [2] N'oge dị ya, ọ mgbasa mgbasa nke Islam na mpaghara dum, na-amụ maka ma ndị nwoke ma ndị na-egosi, na nguzobe nke ụlọ ikpe Islam. Ọ nwụrụ n'October 25, 1837, nwanne ya nwoke Abu Bakr Atiku na nwa ya nwoke, Aliyu Babba nọchiri ya. [3]
Ndụ mbido
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A egwuregwu Muhammad Bello na Wednesday na 1781 mgbe nna ya, Usman, dị afụ iri abụọ na . Akpọrọ aha 'Bello', nke nwanne 'onye inyeaka' ma ọ bụ 'onye inyeaka' na Fulfulde . Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi njikọ ya na nna ya, bụ onye Bello na-eso mgbe niile n'ebe ọ àlà ọ gara site na nwata ma sere ma onyeisi Usman. </link>[ a nkịtị ]
. [2]O sitere na akara Torodbe bụ ndị Arab na ndị Fulani dịka Abdullahi dan Fodio, nwanne Usman dan Fodio kwuru na isiokwu ha bụ Fulani, na ụgwọ Arab, ha kwuru na ha sitere na Arab site na Uqba, ma Bello gbakwụnyere na ya ejighi. n'aka ma ọ bụ Uqba ibn Nafi, Uqba ibn Yasir ma ọ bụ Uqba ibn Amir. [1] Uqba a na-ekwu na ọ na-atụrụ Fulani a na-akpọ Bajjumangbu bụ nke akara Torodbe nke Usman dan Fodio siri rịdata. [2] Caliph Muhammed Bello na-ede n' akwụkwọ ya Infaq al-Mansur kwuru na sitere sitere n'aka onye mmụta Muhammad site n'agbụrụ nne nne ya nke esere Hawwa (nne Usman dan Fodio), Alhaji Muhammadu Junaidu, Wazirin Sokoto. , onye ọkà ihe ihe mere eme Fulani, kwu mfe ókè nke Shaykh Abdullahi. bin Fodio n'ihe gbasara ezina . Danfodio bụ ndị Arab na ndị Fulani, ebe Ahmadu Bello n'akwụkwọ amụ ndụ ya nke e dere mgbe akwụkwọ onwe kwu nchekwa ihe Caliph bụ Muhammadu Bello na-ekwu na o sitere na ndị Arab site n'aka nne Usman Danfodio, ndị metụtara mere eme na-egosi na Shehu dan Fodio. bụ ndị Arab na ndị Fulani nwere omenala ha na ndị Hausa nwere ike dị ka ndị Arab Hausa-Fulani. Tupu akpa nke Jihad 1804, ụdị Fulani dị mkpa maka Torankawa (Torodbe), akwụkwọ ha na-ahụ ihe anya ha nwere na-enyere ndị Torodbe-Fulani. Ha nakweere nhọrọ Fulbe na ọtụtụ ethos ka ha na-ejigide siri dị iche. [3] Ezin mmetụta Toronkawa na mbụ wetara ndị sitere sitere na ɔkwa niile nke obodo Sudānī, ma ọ bụ ndị ogbenye. [4] Ndị ndú Toronkawa ndị na-eso na Fula, Wolof, Mande, Hausa na Berber . Otú ọ dị, ha na-asếṄቕ Fulbe, egosi Fulbe, ma ihe òtù ndị edemede Fulbe.
[3]A jarida Muhammed Bello nye nke a anọ nke Usman dan Fodio, nke a mara dị ka Hauwa ma ọ bụ Inna Garka, na 1781 [1] Dị ka Media ya niile, ọ na-ama na igbu ihe nna ya na-eduzi na Degel ruo mgbe achụpụrụ ụgbọala ya na ụfọdụ ndị na-eso ụzọ ya. n'afọ 1804. N'afọ 1809, Bello bụ onye agba ntọala Sokoto nke ga-abụ isi obodo maka mmeri nna ya meri ala Hausa na agha Fulani (1804-1810)
. [4]Ọtụtụ n'ime ike ya mmetụta oge dị ukwuu na mbo njikọ wee bụrụ onye a ma na nke a. Ndị a ma ama bụ nwanne ya anọ Nana Asma'u, onye na-ede uri na onye nkuzi, [1] na Abu Bakr Atiku, onye ga-abụ onye ga-amị ya dị ka Sultan
Sultan
[dezie | dezie ebe o si].Mgbe agha Fulani, Sokoto Caliphate bụ otu n'ime steeti steeti ukwuu na Africa ma gụnye ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ma Fulani na ndị Hausa . Usman dan Fodio gbara mbochapụ ikpochapụ usoro ndị Hausa, akara ngosi, akara na akara. [1] Usman lara ezumike nká na steeti nke steeti na 1815 wee mee Muhammed Bello onye na-elekọta ụfọdụ n'ime ike Emirates nke Caliphate. Bello chịrị Emirates a site na obodo Wurno dị nso na Sokoto
Mgbe Dan-Fodio nwụsịrị, ndị Caliphate tụbara n'ọgba ndụ mgbe ndị na-akwado Bello gbara gburugburu ma mechie ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Sokoto, na-Mihu ndị ọzọ a ma na ụlọ ọrụ Caliph (gụnyere nwanne nna Bello Abdullahi Ibn Fodio) kwuru n'obodo ahụ. Ndị Caliphate mechara kewaa a anọ na-achị onwe nke ikike nke nwanne nna Bello na-achị; Abdullahi Ibn Fodio ga-amata ma kwado Bello </link> .
[5]Sultan Bello chere ihe ịma aka n'oge ihu site n'aka ndị isi mgbagha na ndị dị nke ma ndị Fulani na ndị Hausa. N'amara ka nna ya, pastọ nọmba usoro ndị Hausa dịbu adị tupu oge caliphate. [1] [2] Maka ndị Fulani, bụ ndị na-azụrụ anụ ụlọ tupu oge a, Bello na-akwado akwụkwọ na-adịgide n'akwụkwọ ribats nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụlọ alakụba, akwụkwọ na ụlọ ndị ọzọ. [3] N'agbanyeghị na nsogbu ndị a ndị ọtụtụ mmegide, ụfọdụ ndị ndu mgbagha dị ka 'Abd al-Salam na Dan Tunku gara n'ihu na-ebute i-akpa ya n'oge. Dan Tunku bụrụ onye ndu mgbagha dị egwu dịka onye isi Emirate nke Kazaure . Ọ bụ ebe na Dan Tunku ngosi ogụ n'ụdị nna ya na Agha Fulani, mgbe Bello gosi Ibrahim Dado Emir nke Kano na 1819, Dan Tunku haziri ndị agha mmegide na nche. Bello akpụkpọ Ibrahim Dado aka imeri ndị agha Dan Tunku wee wuo nnukwu ewusi na mpaghara niile ebe Dan Tunku dọtara ike ya.
[6]Mgbe o kwusịrị mmegide ụfọdụ n'oge mbụ, Sultan lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwado ya n'ofe image ukwu ahụ site na nnukwu owuwu, nhazi, na usoro ikpe ziri ezi. [1] Otu egwuregwu dị ama nke ọ gbasapụrụ site n'aka nna ya bụ ịgbasawanye ojiji nke ma ndị nwoke ma ndị na-achọ. Nwanne ya, Nana Asma'u, Ụgwọ dị mkpa nke ịgbasa nye ụmụ amụrụ onye nkuzi dị mkpa na nke ekiri ime obodo iji gbaa akaebe ume. [2]
N'oge dị Muhammad Bello, El Hadj Umar Tall, onye isi Toucouleur n' ịrịba, biri na Sokoto mgbe o si Mecca lọta na 1822. Umar Tall nwere ike dị ukwuu site n'aka Sultan Muhammad Bello dị ka otuto Tall kenyere Sultan n ' akwụkwọ nke mkpa. [1] kwado njikọ aka na-adịgide adịgide, Sultan Bello, onye otu n'ime ụmụ ya mere Hajj Umar [2] bụ onye isi na Sokoto dị ka onye ọka ikpe (qadi), na dịka onye isi isi na ndị agha Sultan ruo mgbe Bello gburu.
. [7]Hugh Clapperton gara n'ama Bello na 1824 wee dee ọtụtụ ihe mgbaàmà mmesapụ aka na isi nke Sultan. Clapperton masịrị ya nke ukwuu na ọrụ ide nke Bello na ihe nkiri ya zuru oke metụtara Britain na India. [1] N'afọ 1826, Clapperton la àgwà maka nke abụọ, ma Bello mụrụ ka ọ kpa ókè-ala n'ihi agha ya na nwa Ukwu Bornu na Clapperton dara ọrịa wee bụrụ onye
. [8]N'afọ 1836, banye Gobir nupuru isi n' Sokoto. Sultan Muhammed Bello kpọ ụgbọ ndị agha ya ma tibie nnupụisi ahụ na 9 Machị 1836 na Agha Gawakuke.
. [4]Mgbe ọ na-achị, ọ gara n'ihu n'ịchụso nkuzi, ihe mere eme na uri. A na-ewerekarị Infaku'l Maisuri ya (ọrụ nke ndị nwere obi ụtọ ) dị ka ndị na-eme ihe mere eme nke agha Fulani na mgba nna ya. [1] O dere ọtụtụ ihe ederede ederede ihe mere eme, ọkụ Islam na uri n'oge ndụ ya.
[4]Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ihe ndị sitere n'okike, mgbe ọ dị afọ 58, na Ọktoba 25, 1837, na Wurno [1] ma nwanne ya nwoke Abu Bakr Atiku nọchiri ya dị ka Sultan
- ↑ History Atlas. www.historyatlas.com. Archived from the original on 2023-10-03. Retrieved on 2020-05-26.
- ↑ Ajayi (1989). Africa in the Nineteenth Century Until the 1880s. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03917-9. Retrieved on 2013-02-13.
- ↑ Boyd (1986). in Mahdi Adamu: Pastoralists of the West African Savanna. Manchester, UK: International African Institute.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mikaberidze (2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
- ↑ Salau (2006). "Ribats and the Development of Plantations in the Sokoto Caliphate: A Case Study of Fanisau". African Economic History 34 (34): 23–43. DOI:10.2307/25427025.
- ↑ Boyd (2005). Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
- ↑ Kemper (2012). A Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa. New York: W.W. Norton.
- ↑ Last (1967). The Sokoto Caliphate. New York: Humanities Press, 74–5.