Ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ

Mfọdu ihe ubi bụ ihe mkpofu nke ọrụ ugbo na-emepụta. Ụdị abụọ ahụ bụ:

• Ihe fọdụrụ n'ọhịa bụ ihe ndị a hapụrụ n'ubi ọrụ ugbo ma ọ bụ ubi mkpụrụ osisi mgbe ewepụtasịrị ihe ọkụkụ. Ihe ndị a fọdụrụ na-agụnye ahịhịa na ahịhịhịa (ogwe osisi), akwụkwọ na Mkpụrụ osisi. Ezigbo njikwa nke ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ọhịa nwere ike ịbawanye arụmọrụ nke ịgba mmiri na njikwa nke erosion. Enwere ike ịkọ ihe fọdụrụ n'ime ala, ma ọ bụ buru ụzọ kpọọ ya ọkụ. N'ụzọ dị iche, a na-eme ọrụ ugbo na-enweghị ọrụ ugbo, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ na-ebelata ọrụ ugbo iji mee ka ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ dịkwuo ukwuu. Enwere ike iji ọnụọgụ dị mfe nke akara-transect mee ihe iji tụọ ihe mkpuchi ihe fọdụrụ.^[1]
• Ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ bụ ihe ndị fọduru mgbe a rụchara ihe ọkụkụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe a ga-eji mee ihe. Ihe ndị a fọdụrụ na-agụnye mkpo, mkpụrụ, bagasse, molasses na mgbọrọgwụ. Enwere ike iji ha mee ihe dị ka nri anụ na mmezi ala, fatịlaịza na n'mmepụta.

Enwere ike iji ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ n'ụzọ dị irè n'ọtụtụ ụzọ:

• Biofertilizer: Ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka banyere uru akụ na ụba nke ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ na-elekwasị anya na ọnụahịa fatịlaịza nke ihe oriri dị n'ime. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ nwere macronutrients na micronutrients, ọ bụ naanị macronutrents dị ka nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium na sulfur dị mkpa na akụ na ụba.
• Ojiji na ọrụ ugbo dị ka ahịhịa iji mepụta ihe ọkụkụ (dịka n'ịzụ mkpụrụ osisi). A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ịkụ mushroom. Ihe ndị fọdụrụ mgbe a kụrụ mushroom nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ezigbo ihe maka composting na biofertilizer.
• Akụkụ bọọdụ: Ọganihu ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na-atụ aro iji ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ n'imepụta bọọdụ akụrụngwa.^[2][3]

N'ihi oke carbohydrate, enwere ike iwere ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ dị ka ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji mepụta biofuels. E mepụtara algọridim ụfọdụ iji tụọ ikike nke mmepụta mmanụ sitere na ihe ndị fọdụrụ n'ọrụ ugbo.^[4][5] Dabere na data nnwale e nwetara site na nyocha nke jiri ahịhịa osikapa ethanol organosolv mepụtara iji mepụta biohydrogen site na iji Enterobacter aerogenes, a na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ahịhịhịa a na-anakọta kwa afọ (ọ bụghị ahịhịrị a na-emepụta) maka mmepụta biofuel dị ihe dị ka nde tọn 249, nke nwere ike ịmepụta ihe dị ka kilogram 355.78 nke hydrogen na nde tọn nke lignin site na teknụzụ organosolov a tụrụ aro ma chọpụta na China na-enye ihe dị ka 32% nke ikike zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mepụta ihe dị ka ike imepụta biohhydrogen.^[6]

Ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ n'ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụnụ adịghị ozugbo maka iji ihe ọkụkụ. A tọhapụrụ ha (nke a na-akpọ mineralization) n'ime afọ ole na ole. Usoro ihe ndị dị ndụ na-emetụta usoro nri ala dị mgbagwoju anya. Dị ka onye nduzi siri ike, ahịhịa ọka na-ewepụta ihe dị ka pasent 10 ruo 15 nke ihe na-edozi ahụ ya na ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ na-ewepụ ihe dị ka Pasent 35 nke ihe na'edozi ahụ n'afọ na-esote.

Ọsọ nke mineralization na-adabere na nitrogen na lignin (fiber), mmiri nke ala, okpomọkụ, na ogo nke ịgwakọta na ala. A na-ahapụ N ngwa ngwa site na ihe fọdụrụnụ mgbe ihe dị n'ime ya karịrị pasent 1.5 (dị ka ihe fọduru na pea). N'ụzọ dị iche, n'okpuru pasent 1.2 (dị ka ihe fọdụrụ n'ọka), ala N na-adị (nke a na-akpọ immobilization) site na nje ndị ahụ ka ha na-emebi ihe fọdụ.

N'ụzọ dị otú a, ihe fọdụrụnụ ga-enwe uru dị mkpirikpi na nke na-adịte aka na Ala na-eme nri, ebe ahịhịa ọka ga-ebelata ihe oriri dị n'ala n'afọ na-abịa. Ka oge na-aga, a na-ahapụ ihe oriri ndị microbes na humus na-edozi ma na-enweta ihe ọkụkụ.Ihe oriri sitere na ihe fọdụrụnụ anaghị enweta ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu. Dị nnọọ ka fatịlaịza, ihe oriri ndị a na-ewepụta site na ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ n'ime ala nwere ike ịla n'iyi dị ka leaching (N na S), denitrification (N), immobilization (N, P, K na S), na fixation (P na K).

A na-eche na ọ dị ka ihe a kụrụ n'ubi si na fatịlaịza ma ọ bụ ntọhapụ fọdụrụnụ na-enweta nke ọma. Dị ka ihe atụ, banyere 50 percent mgbake nke N na n'elu-ala osisi ke akpa isua. Enwere ụfọdụ uru fatịlaịza dị n'ihi na ihe ọkụkụ ahụ na-ewere ntakịrị ihe na-edozi ahụ afọ abụọ na atọ ka e mesịrị. Ntinye fatịlaịza nwere ike imetụta arụmọrụ nke iweta ihe ọkụkụ. Mmetụta nke ntinye ihe fọdụrụ (nke a na-eli ya ma ọ bụ hapụ ya n'elu na efu tillage) na ịgba ígwè na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na-amụ ihe..   ^{[citation needed]}

Ya mere, omume nke ịgbakọ uru fatịlaịza nke ihe oriri na ihe ọkụkụ fọdụrụ bụ nduzi ezi uche dị na ya iji tụọ uru nke ihe ọkụkụ.

• Ịkụ ugbo

1. ↑ Richards (1 January 1984). "Variation in line transect measurements of crop residue cover" (in en). Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 39 (1): 60–61. ISSN 0022-4561. Retrieved on 20 May 2019. 
2. ↑ Ehrlich (19 August 2019). MDF Made from Rice Straw. BuildingGreen.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2022. Retrieved on 1 December 2020.
3. ↑ Ferrandez-Garcia (28 September 2017). "Fire-resistance, physical, and mechanical characterization of binderless rice straw particleboards". BioResources 12 (4): 8539–8549. DOI:10.15376/biores.12.4.8539-8549. Retrieved on 1 December 2020. 
4. ↑ Asadi (2017). "Development of a mathematical methodology to investigate biohydrogen production from regional and national agricultural crop residues: A case study of Iran". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42 (4): 1989–2007. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.10.021. Retrieved on 2017-01-06. 
5. ↑ Karimi Alavijeh (2016). "Biochemical production of bioenergy from agricultural crops and residue in Iran". Waste Management 52: 375–394. DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.025. PMID 27012716. 
6. ↑ Asadi (March 2017). "Optimization of organosolv pretreatment of rice straw for enhanced biohydrogen production using Enterobacter aerogenes". Bioresource Technology 227: 335–344. DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.073. PMID 28042989.