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Chinese Divisia monetary index and GDP nowcasting

Author

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  • Barnett, William A.
  • Tang, Biyan
Abstract
Since China’s enactment of the Reform and Opening-Up policy in 1978, China has become one of the world’s fastest growing economies, with an annual GDP growth rate exceeding 10% between 1978 and 2008. But in 2015, Chinese GDP grew at 7%, the lowest rate in five years. Many corporations complain that the borrowing cost of capital is too high. This paper constructs Chinese Divisia monetary aggregates M1 and M2, and, for the first time, constructs the broader Chinese monetary aggregates, M3 and M4. Those broader aggregates have never before been constructed for China, either as simple-sum or Divisia. The results shed light on the current Chinese monetary situation and the increased borrowing cost of money. GDP data are published only quarterly and with a substantial lag, while many monetary and financial decisions are made at a higher frequency. GDP nowcasting can evaluate the current month’s GDP growth rate, given the available economic data up to the point at which the nowcasting is conducted. Therefore, nowcasting GDP has become an increasingly important task for central banks. This paper nowcasts Chinese monthly GDP growth rate using a dynamic factor model, incorporating as indicators the Divisia monetary aggregate indexes, Divisia M1 and M2 along with additional information from a large panel of other relevant time series data. The results show that Divisia monetary aggregates contain more indicator information than the simple sum aggregates, and thereby help the factor model produce the best available nowcasting results. In addition, our results demonstrate that China’s economy experienced a regime switch or structure break in 2012, which a Chow test confirmed the regime switch. Before and after the regime switch, the factor models performed differently. We conclude that different nowcasting models should be used during the two regimes.

Suggested Citation

  • Barnett, William A. & Tang, Biyan, 2015. "Chinese Divisia monetary index and GDP nowcasting," MPRA Paper 67691, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:67691
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. El-Shagi, Makram & Tochkov, Kiril, 2022. "Divisia monetary aggregates for Russia: Money demand, GDP nowcasting and the price puzzle," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(4).
    2. William A. Barnett & Kun He & Jingtong He, 2022. "Consumption Loan Augmented Divisia Monetary Index and China Monetary Aggregation," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, October.
    3. El-Shagi, Makram & Tochkov, Kiril, 2022. "Shadow of the colossus: Euro area spillovers and monetary policy in Central and Eastern Europe," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    4. Zhang, Qin & Ni, He & Xu, Hao, 2023. "Nowcasting Chinese GDP in a data-rich environment: Lessons from machine learning algorithms," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    5. Yemba, Boniface & Kitenge, Erick & Tang, Biyan & Gaekwad, Neepa B., 2024. "Monetary policy in China: A Factor Augmented VAR approach," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 975-1008.
    6. John Nana Francois & Ryan S Mattson, 2019. "Divisia Monetary Aggregates for Developing Economies: Some Theory," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(3), pages 2221-2227.
    7. Stankevich, Ivan, 2023. "Application of Markov-Switching MIDAS models to nowcasting of GDP and its components," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 70, pages 122-143.
    8. Zhan, Minghua & Wang, Lijun & Zhan, Shuwei & Lu, Yao, 2023. "Does digital finance change the stability of money demand function? Evidence from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    9. Hong, Puah & Leong, Choi-Meng & Mansor, Shazali & Lau, Evan, 2018. "Revisiting Money Demand in Malaysia: Simple-Sum versus Divisia Monetary Aggregates," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 52(2), pages 267-278.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    China; Divisia Monetary Index; Borrowing Cost of Money; Nowcasting; Real GDP Growth Rate; Dynamic Factor Model; Regime Switch;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • E47 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • O53 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Asia including Middle East

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