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Level of Education and Renewable Energy Consumption Nexus in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Mahmood, Haider
Abstract
Purpose: A level of education may change the energy consumption habits of people. Further, economic growth may also demand cleaner energy consumption for better environmental quality. This research explores the impacts of education and economic growth on the renewable energy consumption of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This research utilizes the unit root test of Dickey & Fuller (1981), cointegration test of Pesaran et al. (2001), and bound testing values of Kripfganz & Schneider (2020). Main Findings: Income and secondary education increase Renewable Energy Consumption (REC) in the long and short run. Primary education reduces REC in the long run, and the lag of primary education has a positive effect on REC. Implication: This research recommends to increase the level of education to promote renewable energy consumption for a cleaner environment. Novelty: Educational level and renewable energy consumption nexus have not been investigated in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, we claim an empirical contribution.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahmood, Haider, 2020. "Level of Education and Renewable Energy Consumption Nexus in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109141, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:109141
    as

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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/109141/1/MPRA_paper_109141.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Syed Abdul Rehman Khan & Pablo Ponce & Muhammad Tanveer & Nathalie Aguirre-Padilla & Haider Mahmood & Syed Adeel Ali Shah, 2021. "Technological Innovation and Circular Economy Practices: Business Strategies to Mitigate the Effects of COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, July.
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    5. Constant, Karine, 2019. "Environmental policy and human capital inequality: A matter of life and death," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 134-157.
    6. Haider Mahmood & Maham Furqan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Mahmoud Mohamad Fawaz, 2019. "Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Egypt: Role of Foreign Investment and Trade," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 225-228.
    7. Anjum Siddiqui & Haider Mahmood & Dimitris Margaritis, 2020. "Oil Prices and Stock Markets during the 2014–16 Oil Price Slump: Asymmetries and Speed of Adjustment in GCC and Oil-Importing Countries," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(15), pages 3678-3708, December.
    8. Muntasir Murshed & Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Suvajit Banerjee, 2020. "Calibrating the Impacts of Regional Trade Integration and Renewable Energy Transition on the Sustainability of International Inbound Tourism Demand in South Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2018. "Asymmetrical effects of real exchange rate on the money demand in Saudi Arabia: A non-linear ARDL approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-12, November.
    10. Nabil Ahmed Mareai Senan & Haider Mahmood & Sehrish Liaquat, 2018. "Financial Markets and Electricity Consumption Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(1), pages 12-16.
    11. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf Al-Qahtani & Zafrul Allam & Nawaz Ahmad & Maham Furqan, 2019. "Agriculture development and CO2 emissions nexus in Saudi Arabia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    13. Muhammad Tanveer & Abdul-Rahim Ahmad & Haider Mahmood & Ikram Ul Haq, 2021. "Role of Ethical Marketing in Driving Consumer Brand Relationships and Brand Loyalty: A Sustainable Marketing Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    14. Balaguer, Jacint & Cantavella, Manuel, 2018. "The role of education in the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Evidence from Australian data," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 289-296.
    15. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood, 2019. "Energy Consumption and Trade Openness Nexus in Egypt: Asymmetry Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-10, May.
    16. Nabil Maalel & Haider Mahmood, 2018. "Oil-Abundance and Macroeconomic Performance in the GCC Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(2), pages 182-187.
    17. Haider Mahmood & Abdullatif Sulaiman Alrasheed & Maham Furqan, 2018. "Financial Market Development and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetrical Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    18. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    19. Lian Xue & Mohammad Haseeb & Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Muntasir Murshed, 2021. "Renewable Energy Use and Ecological Footprints Mitigation: Evidence from Selected South Asian Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    20. Muhammad Shahid Hassan & Muhammad Naveed Tahir & Ayesha Wajid & Haider Mahmood & Abdul Farooq, 2018. "Natural Gas Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan: Production Function Approach," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 19(2), pages 297-310, April.
    21. Ponce, Pablo & Alvarado, Rafael & Ponce, Katerine & Alvarado, Raquel & Granda, Danny & Yaguana, Karen, 2019. "Green returns of labor income and human capital: Empirical evidence of the environmental behavior of households in developing countries," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 105-113.
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    23. Zafar, Muhammad Wasif & Zaidi, Syed Anees Haider & Khan, Naveed R. & Mirza, Faisal Mehmood & Hou, Fujun & Kirmani, Syed Ali Ashiq, 2019. "The impact of natural resources, human capital, and foreign direct investment on the ecological footprint: The case of the United States," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-1.
    24. Chen, Yang & Fang, Zheng, 2018. "Industrial electricity consumption, human capital investment and economic growth in Chinese cities," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 205-219.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Level of Education; Economic Growth; Renewable Energy Consumption; Cointegration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q29 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Other

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