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Inflation returns. Revisiting the role of external and domestic shocks with Bayesian structural VAR

Author

Listed:
  • Karol Szafranek

    (Narodowy Bank Polski)

  • Grzegorz Szafrański

    (Narodowy Bank Polski)

  • Agnieszka Leszczyńska-Paczesna

    (Narodowy Bank Polski)

Abstract
Following recent exceptional events in the world economy inflation increased remarkably across most countries, reinvigorating the prevalent discussion on the sources of consumer price dynamics. We analyse this issue for the small open economy of Poland by means of the Bayesian structural VAR. The model describes the evolution of eight key macroeconomic variables and is identified with a set of zero and sign restrictions. This framework, applicable also to other small open economies, provides sound economic interpretation of three domestic and five external shocks, of which two are country-specific and the remaining three are purely global. In a robust manner we show that country-specific energy price and global supply shocks mostly determine the recent inflation surge in Poland. We illustrate that inflation response to these two shocks has become markedly more persistent after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. We also demonstrate that the choice of an inadequate energy prices proxy may result in the understated importance of the energy price shock, whereas accounting for recent geopolitical threats and other exogenous events does not alter our baseline findings. For policy makers, we show that counterfactual inflation net of external shocks is far lower, but has recently increased as well.

Suggested Citation

  • Karol Szafranek & Grzegorz Szafrański & Agnieszka Leszczyńska-Paczesna, 2023. "Inflation returns. Revisiting the role of external and domestic shocks with Bayesian structural VAR," NBP Working Papers 357, Narodowy Bank Polski.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbp:nbpmis:357
    Note: Earlier drafts of this paper benefited extensively from comments and remarks shared by two anonymous referees and the Editor during the review process in Energy Economics.
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Szafranek, Karol, 2017. "Flattening of the New Keynesian Phillips curve: Evidence for an emerging, small open economy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 334-348.
    2. Siliverstovs, Boriss & L'Hegaret, Guillaume & Neumann, Anne & von Hirschhausen, Christian, 2005. "International market integration for natural gas? A cointegration analysis of prices in Europe, North America and Japan," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 603-615, July.
    3. Yang, Lu & Cai, Xiao Jing & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2018. "What determines the long-term correlation between oil prices and exchange rates?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 140-152.
    4. Xu, Yang & Han, Liyan & Wan, Li & Yin, Libo, 2019. "Dynamic link between oil prices and exchange rates: A non-linear approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    5. Adam Hale Shapiro, 2022. "How Much Do Supply and Demand Drive Inflation?," FRBSF Economic Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, vol. 2022(15), pages 1-06, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Roman A. Zhukov & Svetlana V. Prokopchina & Maria A. Plinskaya & Maria A. Zhelunitsina, 2024. "Modeling of Functional Relationships of Regional Economic Systems Based on Small Samples Based on Bayesian Intelligent Measurements," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 23(3), pages 721-750.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inflation decomposition; Bayesian SVAR model; energy prices; supply disruptions; domestic and external shocks.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy

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