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Macroprudential Policy and Household Wealth Inequality

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  • CARPANTIER Jean-François
  • OLIVERA Javier
  • VAN KERM Philippe
Abstract
Macroprudential policies, such as caps on loan-to-value (LTV) ratios, have become part of the policy paradigm in emerging markets and advanced countries alike. Given that housing is the most important asset in household portfolios, relaxing or tightening access to mortgages may affect the distribution of household wealth in the country. In a stylised model we show that the final level of wealth inequality depends on the size of the LTV ratio, housing prices, credit cost and the strength of a bequest motive; ultimately with no unequivocal effect of LTV ratios on wealth inequality. These trade-offs are illustrated with estimations of "Gini Recentered Influence Function" regressions on household survey data from 12 Eurozone countries that participated in the first wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). The results show that, among the households with active mortgages, high LTV ratios at the time of acquisition are related to high contributions to wealth inequality today, while house price increases are negatively related to inequality contributions. A proxy for the strength of bequest motives tends to be negatively related with wealth inequality, but credit cost does not show a significant link to the distribution of wealth.

Suggested Citation

  • CARPANTIER Jean-François & OLIVERA Javier & VAN KERM Philippe, 2017. "Macroprudential Policy and Household Wealth Inequality," LISER Working Paper Series 2017-09, Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research (LISER).
    • Handle: RePEc:irs:cepswp:2017-09
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    Cited by:

    1. Sandra Eickmeier & Benedikt Kolb & Esteban Prieto, 2018. "Effects of bank capital requirement tightenings on inequality," CAMA Working Papers 2018-43, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    2. James B. Davies & Nicole M. Fortin & Thomas Lemieux, 2017. "Wealth inequality: Theory, measurement and decomposition," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 50(5), pages 1224-1261, December.
    3. Ruben Tarne & Dirk Bezemer & Thomas Theobald, 2021. "The Effect of borrower-specific Loan-to-Value policies on household debt, wealth inequality and consumption volatility," IMK Working Paper 212-2021, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    4. Gong, Yifan & Leung, Charles Ka Yui, 2024. "Does space matter? The case of the housing expenditure cap," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    5. Cokayne, Graeme & Gerba, Eddie & Kuchler, Andreas & Pank Roulund, Rasmus, 2024. "“Thank me later”: Why is (macro)prudence desirable?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    6. Chrysovalantis Gaganis & Emilios Galariotis & Fotios Pasiouras & Christos Staikouras, 2021. "Macroprudential regulations and bank profit efficiency: international evidence," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 136-160, April.
    7. Lindokuhle Talent Zungu & Lorraine Greyling & Nkanyiso Mbatha, 2022. "Nonlinear Dynamics of the Development-Inequality Nexus in Emerging Countries: The Case of a Prudential Policy Regime," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    8. Marina Kunovac, 2020. "Distribution of household assets in Croatia," Public Sector Economics, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 44(3), pages 265-297.
    9. Madeira, Carlos, 2021. "The potential impact of financial portability measures on mortgage refinancing: Evidence from Chile," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    10. Tarne, Ruben & Bezemer, Dirk & Theobald, Thomas, 2022. "The effect of borrower-specific loan-to-value policies on household debt, wealth inequality and consumption volatility: An agent-based analysis," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    11. Lindokuhle Talent Zungu & Lorraine Greyling, 2022. "Exploring the Dynamic Shock of Unconventional Monetary Policy Channels on Income Inequality: A Panel VAR Approach," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-22, August.
    12. Yang, Jin Young & Suh, Hyunduk, 2023. "Heterogeneous effects of macroprudential policies on firm leverage and value," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    13. Simona Malovana & Jan Janku & Martin Hodula, 2023. "Macroprudential Policy and Income Inequality: The Trade-off Between Crisis Prevention and Credit Redistribution," Working Papers 2023/3, Czech National Bank.
    14. Alin Marius Andries & Florentina Melnic, 2019. "Macroprudential Policies And Economic Growth," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 23, pages 95-112, June.
    15. Gerba, Eddie & Katsoulis, Petros, 2021. "The repo market under Basel III," Bank of England working papers 954, Bank of England.
    16. Panagiotis Konstantinou & Anastasios Rizos & Artemis Stratopoulou, 2023. "The dynamic effect of macroprudential policies on income inequality: some evidence," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 12(3), pages 248-265.
    17. Yang Zhou & Shigeto Kitano, 2024. "Effects of Capital Flow Management Measures on Wealth Inequality: New Evidence from Counterfactual Estimators," Discussion Paper Series DP2024-30, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    18. Zhai, Kun & Zhao, Guoqing & Li, Ding, 2023. "Macroprudential policy and household wealth inequality: Evidence from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    19. Brausewetter, Lars & Ludolph, Melina & Tonzer, Lena, 2023. "Distributional income effects of banking regulation in Europe," IWH Discussion Papers 24/2023, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    20. Orsetta Causa & Nicolas Woloszko & David Leite, 2020. "Housing, Wealth Accumulation and Wealth Distribution: Evidence and Stylized Facts," LWS Working papers 30, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    21. Panagiotis Konstantinou & Anastasios Rizos & Artemis Stratopoulou, 2022. "Macroprudential policies and income inequality in former transition economies," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 1005-1062, May.
    22. D'Orazio, Paola, 2019. "Income inequality, consumer debt, and prudential regulation: An agent-based approach to study the emergence of crises and financial instability," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 308-331.
    23. Pierre Monnin, 2017. "Monetary Policy, Macroprudential Regulation and Inequality," Discussion Notes 1702, Council on Economic Policies.
    24. Park, Sungmin & Kim, Young-Han, 2023. "The impact of macroprudential policy on inequality and implications for inclusive financial stability," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    25. Andrea Colciago & Anna Samarina & Jakob de Haan, 2019. "Central Bank Policies And Income And Wealth Inequality: A Survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(4), pages 1199-1231, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Macroprudential policiy; Wealth distribution; Household finance; LTV ratio; Inequality;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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