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Inference Based on Alternative Bootstrapping Methods in Spatial Models with an Application to County Income Growth in the United States

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Abstract
This study examines correlates with aggregate county income growth across the 48 contiguous states from 1990 to 2001. Since visual inspection of the variable to be explained shows a clear spatial relationship and to control for potentially endogenous variables, we estimate a two-stage spatial error model. Given the lack of theoretical and asymptotic results for such models, we propose and implement a number of spatial bootstrap algorithms, including one allowing for heteroskedasticity, to infer parameter significance. Among the results of a comparison of the marginal effects in rural versus non-rural counties, we find that outdoor recreation and natural amenities favor positive growth in rural counties, densely populated rural areas enjoy stronger growth, and property taxes correlate negatively with rural growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel C. Monchuk & Dermot J. Hayes & John Miranowski, 2008. "Inference Based on Alternative Bootstrapping Methods in Spatial Models with an Application to County Income Growth in the United States," Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Publications 08-wp471, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    • Handle: RePEc:ias:cpaper:08-wp471
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Tobias D. Ketterer, 2012. "Do Local Amenities Affect The Appeal Of Regions In Europe For Migrants?," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(4), pages 535-561, October.
    2. Dayton M. Lambert, 2020. "Dynamic panel estimation of a regional adjustment model with spatial-temporal robust covariance," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 245-265, December.
    3. Frank Davenport, 2017. "Estimating standard errors in spatial panel models with time varying spatial correlation," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 96, pages 155-177, March.
    4. Marcos Herrera & Manuel Ruiz & Jesús Mur, 2013. "Detecting Dependence Between Spatial Processes," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(4), pages 469-497, February.
    5. Mark D. Partridge & Marlon Boarnet & Steven Brakman & Gianmarco Ottaviano, 2012. "Introduction: Whither Spatial Econometrics?," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 167-171, May.
    6. Jin, Fei & Lee, Lung-fei, 2015. "On the bootstrap for Moran’s I test for spatial dependence," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 184(2), pages 295-314.
    7. Torben Klarl, 2014. "Is Spatial Bootstrapping A Panacea For Valid Inference?," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(2), pages 304-312, March.
    8. Paredes, Dusan & Loveridge, Scott, 2018. "Rural electric cooperatives and economic development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 49-57.
    9. Ou Bianling & Long Zhihe & Li Wenqian, 2019. "Bootstrap LM Tests for Spatial Dependence in Panel Data Models with Fixed Effects," Journal of Systems Science and Information, De Gruyter, vol. 7(4), pages 330-343, August.
    10. Dayton M. Lambert & Wan Xu & Raymond J. G. M. Florax, 2014. "Partial Adjustment Analysis of Income and Jobs, and Growth Regimes in the Appalachian Region with Smooth Transition Spatial Process Models," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 37(3), pages 328-364, July.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    county income growth; rural development; spatial bootstrapping.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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