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Does Geographical Proximity Matter in Small Business Lending? Evidence from Changes in Main Bank Relationships

Author

Listed:
  • Ono, Arito
  • Saito, Yukiko
  • Sakai, Koji
  • Uesugi, Iichiro
Abstract
Using a unique and massive firm-bank matched panel dataset, this paper examines the causal link between the geographical distance between a firm and its main bank and the probably that a firm will switch its main bank. Utilizing the exogenous change in firm-main bank distances brought about by bank mergers and bank branch consolidations in Japan during 2000–2010, the analysis – the first of its kind – finds the following. First, an increase in lending distance positively affected switching of firm-main bank relationships. Second, the average lending distance for firms that switched to new main banks significantly decreased afterwards. Third, the lending distance of new firm-main bank relationships after the switch did not have a significant impact on firms' probability of ex-post default, suggesting that larger lending distance does not necessarily result in a deterioration in the quality of soft information.

Suggested Citation

  • Ono, Arito & Saito, Yukiko & Sakai, Koji & Uesugi, Iichiro, 2016. "Does Geographical Proximity Matter in Small Business Lending? Evidence from Changes in Main Bank Relationships," HIT-REFINED Working Paper Series 40, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    • Handle: RePEc:hit:remfce:40
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    File URL: https://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/hermes/ir/re/27732/wp040.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ono, Arito & Hasumi, Ryo & Hirata, Hideaki, 2014. "Differentiated use of small business credit scoring by relationship lenders and transactional lenders: Evidence from firm–bank matched data in Japan," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 371-380.
    2. DeYoung, Robert & Glennon, Dennis & Nigro, Peter, 2008. "Borrower-lender distance, credit scoring, and loan performance: Evidence from informational-opaque small business borrowers," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 113-143, January.
    3. Mitchell A. Petersen & Raghuram G. Rajan, 2002. "Does Distance Still Matter? The Information Revolution in Small Business Lending," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(6), pages 2533-2570, December.
    4. Sumit Agarwal, 2010. "Distance and Private Information in Lending," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(7), pages 2757-2788, July.
    5. Rajan, Raghuram G, 1992. "Insiders and Outsiders: The Choice between Informed and Arm's-Length Debt," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(4), pages 1367-1400, September.
    6. Bellucci, Andrea & Borisov, Alexander & Zazzaro, Alberto, 2013. "Do banks price discriminate spatially? Evidence from small business lending in local credit markets," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4183-4197.
    7. Gopalan, Radhakrishnan & Udell, Gregory F. & Yerramilli, Vijay, 2011. "Why Do Firms Form New Banking Relationships?," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(5), pages 1335-1365, October.
    8. Robert DeYoung & W. Frame & Dennis Glennon & Peter Nigro, 2011. "The Information Revolution and Small Business Lending: The Missing Evidence," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 39(1), pages 19-33, April.
    9. Petersen, Mitchell A & Rajan, Raghuram G, 1994. "The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(1), pages 3-37, March.
    10. Nakajima, Kentaro & Saito, Yukiko Umeno & Uesugi, Iichiro, 2012. "The Localization of Interfirm Transaction Relationships and Industry Agglomeration," Working Paper Series 17, Center for Interfirm Network, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    11. Carling, Kenneth & Lundberg, Sofia, 2005. "Asymmetric information and distance: an empirical assessment of geographical credit rationing," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 39-59.
    12. Vasso Ioannidou & Steven Ongena, 2010. "“Time for a Change”: Loan Conditions and Bank Behavior when Firms Switch Banks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(5), pages 1847-1877, October.
    13. Shaffer, Sherrill, 1998. "The Winner's Curse in Banking," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 359-392, October.
    14. Farinha, Luisa A. & Santos, Joao A. C., 2002. "Switching from Single to Multiple Bank Lending Relationships: Determinants and Implications," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 124-151, April.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ogura, Yoshiaki, 2020. "Intensified lending competition and search-for-yield under prolonged monetary easing," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    2. Bellucci, Andrea & Borisov, Alexander & Giombini, Germana & Zazzaro, Alberto, 2019. "Collateralization and distance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 205-217.
    3. Tsuruta, Daisuke, 2023. "Distant lending for regional small businesses using public credit guarantee schemes: Evidence from Japan," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 60-76.
    4. OGANE Yuta, 2017. "Effects of Main Bank Switch on Small Business Bankruptcy," Discussion papers 17019, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    5. Uesugi, Iichiro & Hiraga, Kazuki & Manabe, Masashi & Yoshino, Naoyuki, 2022. "Measuring concentration in the Japanese loan and deposit markets," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    6. Nemoto, Hiroyuki, 2017. "Credit availability and asset price: Empirical analysis of the Japanese bubbles in 1980s," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 90-98.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    lending distance; firm-bank relationships; bank mergers; main bank;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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