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Trade and FDI Thresholds of CO2 emissions for a Green Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Simplice A. Asongu

    (Yaounde, Cameroon)

  • Nicholas M. Odhiambo

    (Pretoria, South Africa)

Abstract
This research focuses on assessing how improving openness influences CO2 emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is based on 49 countries in SSA for the period 2000-2018 divided into: (i) 44 countries in SSA for the period 2000-2012; and (ii) 49 countries for the period 2006-2018. Openness is measured in terms of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. The following main findings are established. First, enhancing trade openness has a net positive impact on CO2 emissions, while increasing FDI has a net negative impact. Second, the relationship between CO2 emissions and trade is a Kuznets shape, while the nexus between CO2 emissions and FDI inflows is a U-shape. Third, a minimum trade openness (imports plus exports) threshold of 100 (% of GDP) and 200 (% of GDP) is beneficial in promoting a green economy for the first and second sample, respectively. Fourth, FDI is beneficial for the green economy below critical masses of 28.571 of Net FDI inflows (% of GDP) and 33.333 of net FDI inflows (% of GDP) for first and second samples, respectively. It follows from findings that while FDI can be effectively managed to reduce CO2 emissions, this may not be the case with trade openness because the corresponding thresholds for trade openness are closer to the maximum limit. This study complements the extant literature by providing critical masses of Trade and FDI that are relevant in promoting the green economy in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2020. "Trade and FDI Thresholds of CO2 emissions for a Green Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa," Working Papers 20/072, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    • Handle: RePEc:exs:wpaper:20/072
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    Cited by:

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    3. Asongu, Simplice A. & Odhiambo, Nicholas M., 2021. "Inequality, finance and renewable energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 678-688.
    4. Simplice A. Asongu & Mushfiqur Rahman & Joseph Nnanna & Mohamed Haffar, 2020. "Enhancing Information Technology for Value Added Across Economic Sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa," Research Africa Network Working Papers 20/064, Research Africa Network (RAN).
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    6. Odhiambo, Nicholas M, 2021. "Tourism development and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan African countries: An empirical investigation," Working Papers 28930, University of South Africa, Department of Economics.
    7. Simplice Asongu & Nicholas Odhiambo, 2022. "The role of mobile characteristics on mobile money innovations," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 4693-4710, December.
    8. Simplice A. Asongu & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2023. "Demand-Side Mobile Money Drivers of Financial Inclusion: Minimum Economic Growth Thresholds for Mobile Money Innovations," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(4), pages 4848-4865, December.
    9. Balcilar, Mehmet & Usman, Ojonugwa & Ike, George N., 2023. "Operational behaviours of multinational corporations, renewable energy transition, and environmental sustainability in Africa: Does the level of natural resource rents matter?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    10. Hou Renyong & Aman Ali Sedik, 2023. "Environmental Sustainability and Foreign Direct Investment in East Africa: Institutional and Policy Benefits for Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-22, January.
    11. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2022. "Mobile technology supply factors and mobile money innovation: thresholds for complementary policies," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(3), pages 288-301, September.
    12. Elvis K. Ofori & Simplice A. Asongu & Ernest B. Ali & Bright A. Gyamfi & Isaac Ahakwa, 2024. "Environmental impact of ISO 14001 certification in promoting Sustainable development: The moderating role of innovation and structural change in BRICS and MINT, and G7 economies," Working Papers 24/014, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa; Sustainable development;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa
    • P37 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Legal

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