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Are Banks Passive Liquidity Backstops? Deposit Rates and Flows during the 2007-2009 Crisis

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  • Acharya, Viral
  • Mora, Nada
Abstract
Can banks maintain their advantage as liquidity providers when they are heavily exposed to a financial crisis? The standard argument - that banks can - hinges on deposit inflows that are seeking a safe haven and provide banks with a natural hedge to fund drawn credit lines and other commitments. We shed new light on this issue by studying the behavior of bank deposit rates and inflows during the 2007-09 crisis. Our results indicate that the role of the banking system as a stabilizing liquidity insurer is not one of the passive recipient, but of an active seeker, of deposits. We find that banks facing a funding squeeze sought to attract deposits by offering higher rates. Banks offering higher rates were also those most exposed to liquidity demand shocks (as measured by their unused commitments, wholesale funding dependence, and limited liquid assets), as well as with fundamentally weak balance-sheets (as measured by their non-performing loans or by subsequent failure). Such rate increases have a competitive effect in that they lead other banks to offer higher rates as well. Overall, the results present a nuanced view of deposit rates and flows to banks in a crisis, one that reflects banks not just as safety havens but also as stressed entities scrambling for deposits.

Suggested Citation

  • Acharya, Viral & Mora, Nada, 2011. "Are Banks Passive Liquidity Backstops? Deposit Rates and Flows during the 2007-2009 Crisis," CEPR Discussion Papers 8706, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:8706
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    11. Jose M. Berrospide, 2013. "Bank liquidity hoarding and the financial crisis: an empirical evaluation," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2013-03, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    12. Jonathan D. Rose, 2015. "Old-Fashioned Deposit Runs," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-111, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    13. John O.S. Wilson, 2014. "Discussion of Bord and Santos," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 46(s1), pages 47-52, February.
    14. Jin, Justin Y. & Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran & Wang, Wenting, 2020. "Societal trust and banks’ funding structure," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
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    18. J. Christina Wang, 2017. "Banks' search for yield in the low interest rate environment: a tale of regulatory adaptation," Working Papers 17-3, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
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    24. Srivastava, Nikhil & Tripe, David & Yuen, Mui Kuen, 2023. "Healthcare expenditure and bank deposits," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Liquidity; Liquidity risk; Solvency risk; Financial crisis; Flight to safety;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E4 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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