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Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements? A Markov-switching structural investigation

Author

Listed:
  • Ragna Alstadheim

    (Norges Bank (Central Bank of Norway))

  • Hilde C. Bjørnland

    (BI Norwegian Business School and Norges Bank (Central Bank of Norway))

  • Junior Maih

    (Norges Bank (Central Bank of Norway))

Abstract
Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements? According to Lubik and Schorfheide (2007) who estimate structural general equilibrium models with monetary policy rules, the answer is "Yes, some do". However, their analysis is based on a sample with multiple regime changes, which may bias the results. We revisit their original question using a Markov switching set up which explicitly allows for parameter changes. Fitting the data from four small open economies to the model, we find that the size of policy responses, and the volatility of structural shocks, have not stayed constant during the sample period (1982-2011). In particular, central banks in Sweden and the UK switched from a high response to the exchange rate in the 1980s and early 1990s, to a low response some time after inflation targeting was implemented. Canada also observed a regime change, but the decline in the exchange rate response was small relative to the increase in the response to inflation and output. Norway, on the other hand, did not observe a shift in the policy response over time, as the central bank has stayed in a regime of high exchange rate response prior and post implementing inflation targeting.

Suggested Citation

  • Ragna Alstadheim & Hilde C. Bjørnland & Junior Maih, 2013. "Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements? A Markov-switching structural investigation," Working Paper 2013/24, Norges Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:bno:worpap:2013_24
    as

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    File URL: https://www.norges-bank.no/en/news-events/news-publications/Papers/Working-Papers/2013/WP-201324/
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jordi Galí & Tommaso Monacelli, 2005. "Monetary Policy and Exchange Rate Volatility in a Small Open Economy," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 72(3), pages 707-734.
    2. Farmer, Roger E.A. & Waggoner, Daniel F. & Zha, Tao, 2011. "Minimal state variable solutions to Markov-switching rational expectations models," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 2150-2166.
    3. Chang-Jin Kim & Charles R. Nelson, 1999. "Has The U.S. Economy Become More Stable? A Bayesian Approach Based On A Markov-Switching Model Of The Business Cycle," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(4), pages 608-616, November.
    4. Lubik, Thomas A. & Schorfheide, Frank, 2007. "Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements? A structural investigation," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(4), pages 1069-1087, May.
    5. Svensson, Lars E. O. & Williams, Noah, 2005. "Monetary policy with model uncertainty: distribution forecast targeting," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2005,35, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    6. Ruy Lama & Juan Pablo Medina, 2012. "Is Exchange Rate Stabilization an Appropriate Cure for the Dutch Disease?," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 8(1), pages 5-46, March.
    7. repec:bny:wpaper:0001 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Durbin, James & Koopman, Siem Jan, 2012. "Time Series Analysis by State Space Methods," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, edition 2, number 9780199641178.
    9. Philip Liu & Haroon Mumtaz, 2011. "Evolving Macroeconomic Dynamics in a Small Open Economy: An Estimated Markov Switching DSGE Model for the UK," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(7), pages 1443-1474, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    as


    Cited by:

    1. Andrew Binning & Junior Maih, 2016. "Forecast uncertainty in the neighborhood of the effective lower bound: How much asymmetry should we expect?," Working Paper 2016/13, Norges Bank.
    2. repec:bny:wpaper:0043 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Shayan Zakipour-Saber, 2019. "Monetary policy regimes and inflation persistence in the United Kingdom," Working Papers 895, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    4. Baranowski, Paweł & Kuchta, Zbigniew, 2015. "Changes in nominal rigidities in Poland – a regime switching DSGE perspective," MPRA Paper 70573, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Mar 2016.
    5. Ragna Alstadheim, 2013. "How New Keynesian is the US Phillips curve?," Working Paper 2013/25, Norges Bank.
    6. Moayad H. Al Rasasi, 2018. "The Response of G7 Real Exchange Rates to Oil Price Shocks," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 10(4), pages 191-205, April.
    7. Shayan Zakipour-Saber, 2019. "State-dependent Monetary Policy Regimes," Working Papers 882, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    8. Gelfer, Sacha, 2021. "Evaluating the forecasting power of an open-economy DSGE model when estimated in a data-Rich environment," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    9. Karamé, Frédéric, 2018. "A new particle filtering approach to estimate stochastic volatility models with Markov-switching," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 204-230.
    10. Alberto Ortiz-Bolaños & Sebastián Cadavid-Sánchez & Gerardo Kattan-Rodríguez, 2018. "Targeting Long-term Rates in a Model with Financial Frictions and Regime Switching," Investigación Conjunta-Joint Research, in: Alberto Ortiz-Bolaños (ed.), Monetary Policy and Financial Stability in Latin America and the Caribbean, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 6, pages 159-219, Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, CEMLA.
    11. Sebastián Cadavid Sánchez, 2018. "Monetary policy and structural changes in Colombia, 1990-2016: A Markov Switching approach," Documentos CEDE 16970, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE.
    12. Champagne, Julien & Sekkel, Rodrigo, 2018. "Changes in monetary regimes and the identification of monetary policy shocks: Narrative evidence from Canada," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 72-87.
    13. Lhuissier, Stéphane & Zabelina, Margarita, 2015. "On the stability of Calvo-style price-setting behavior," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 77-95.
    14. Caraiani, Petre & Gupta, Rangan, 2020. "Is the response of the bank of England to exchange rate movements frequency-dependent?," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    15. Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta & Kevin Kotzé, 2017. "Forecasting South African macroeconomic variables with a Markov-switching small open-economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 117-135, August.
    16. repec:bny:wpaper:0045 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Lebogang Mateane & Christian R. Proaño, 2020. "Does monetary policy react asymmetrically to exchange rate misalignments? Evidence for South Africa," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 1639-1658, April.
    18. T. Philipp Dybowski & Max Hanisch & Bernd Kempa, 2018. "The role of the exchange rate in Canadian monetary policy: evidence from a TVP-BVAR model," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 471-494, September.
    19. Mete Han Yagmur, 2016. "Monetary Policy Response to Exchange Rates: An Empirical Investigation," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 6(4), pages 1392-1399.
    20. Ji, Yangyang & Xiao, Wei, 2016. "Government spending multipliers and the zero lower bound," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 87-100.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monetary policy; Exchange rates; Inflation targeting; Markov switching; Small open economy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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