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Le réveil des classes moyennes ivoiriennes ? Identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Philippe BERROU
  • Dominique DARBON
  • Anne BEKELYNCK
  • Christian BOUQUET
  • Matthieu CLEMENT
  • François COMBARNOUS
  • Éric ROUGIER
Abstract
Le cas de la Côte d’Ivoire présente une historicité de longue durée du processus de différenciation sociale voire d’émergence de catégories « moyennes ». Dans ce papier, à partir de l’analyse de la distribution des revenus des ménages ivoiriens en 2015, la classe intermédiaire de revenu est isolée sur la base d’un intervalle mixte combinant une borne inférieure absolue, fixée à 4 dollars par jour et par tête, et une borne supérieure relative, fixée au 95e percentile de la distribution. Ainsi calibrée, la classe moyenne monétaire ivoirienne, « les gens du milieu », représente finalement une masse relativement limitée de 26,4 % de la population. 48,1 % des chefs de ménage de cette catégorie est sans éducation et, si elle est majoritairement urbaine (à près de 60 %), seul 16 % de cette classe moyenne est abidjanaise. Un fort dualisme de cette classe moyenne se dégage avec, d’un côté, en minorité (21 %), une strate haute et stabilisée constituée plutôt d’héritiers des groupes intermédiaires des années 1960-1970 et, de l’autre, une strate basse majoritaire (79 %) composée de ménages en situation de petite prospérité et de grande vulnérabilité et composés d’indépendants informels urbains et d’agriculteurs. Enfin, les classes moyennes ivoiriennes sont très peu engagées politiquement. Elles peuvent d’autant moins s’exprimer que leur forte hétérogénéité interne et leur faible expérience de mobilisation collective réduisent fortement leur capacité de faire pression sur le politique, sauf pour des groupes qui interviennent alors plus sur la base de leur identité socio professionnelle.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Philippe BERROU & Dominique DARBON & Anne BEKELYNCK & Christian BOUQUET & Matthieu CLEMENT & François COMBARNOUS & Éric ROUGIER, 2018. "Le réveil des classes moyennes ivoiriennes ? Identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Working Paper 6e6633ec-f96a-4f9f-a240-7, Agence française de développement.
    • Handle: RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr8726
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    Cited by:

    1. Julie Trottier, 2018. "Harnessing the commons to govern water as a flow," Post-Print hal-02108227, HAL.
    2. Jean-Philippe Berrou & Damien Girollet, 2019. "A la recherche des « gazelles » du secteur informel urbain africain. Entreprises et entrepreneurs à fort potentiel dans leur environnement socioéconomique et numérique," Working Papers hal-02507441, HAL.

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    Keywords

    Côte d'Ivoire;

    JEL classification:

    • Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

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