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Markups of Exporters and Importers: Evidence from Hungary

Author

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  • Hornok, Cecilia
  • Muraközy, Balázs
Abstract
This paper studies the relationship between firm-level markups and trade status using balance sheet information linked to detailed trade data from Hungary between 1995-2003. We find that importing is strongly positively correlated with markups both across and within firms. We argue that this correlation can reflect three channels: self-selection, higher physical productivity resulting from access to a larger variety of inputs and quality upgrading based on high-quality imported intermediate inputs. We present evidence for the relevance of the latter channel by showing that the markup premium is higher when inputs arrive from developed countries and that importing is correlated with higher quality exports. We find limited evidence for exporter premium when controlling for importing. We argue that the small exporter premium results from the stronger competition in export markets relative to domestic ones. Our results strengthen arguments for policy focusing on promoting imports as a source of increased firm-level competitiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Hornok, Cecilia & Muraközy, Balázs, 2018. "Markups of Exporters and Importers: Evidence from Hungary," KCG Working Papers 9, Kiel Centre for Globalization (KCG).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:kcgwps:9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Juan A. Máñez Castillejo & Consuelo Mínguez Bosque & María E. Rochina Barrachina & Juan A. Sanchis Llopis, 2020. "Trading activities, productivity and markups: Evidence for Spanish manufacturing," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 644-680, March.
    3. Li, Yifan & Miao, Zhuang, 2024. "The rise of superstar firms in the United States: The role of global sourcing," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 113-144.
    4. Joze Damijan & Jozef Konings & Aigerim Yergabulova, 2020. "Increasing market power in Slovenia: Role of diverging trends between exporters and non‐exporters," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(5), pages 1327-1345, May.
    5. Dolores Añón Higón & Ioannis Bournakis, 2024. "Participation in global value chains (GVCs) and markups: firm evidence from six European countries," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 21(2), pages 515-539, May.
    6. Fiedler, Salomon & Görg, Holger & Hornok, Cecília & Jannsen, Nils & Kooths, Stefan & Marchal, Léa & Potjagailo, Galina, 2018. "Direktinvestitionen im Ausland - Effekte auf die deutsche Leistungsbilanz und Spillovers in den Empfängerländern," Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik 16, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    7. Mercè Sala‐Ríos, 2024. "What are the determinants affecting cooperatives’ profitability? Evidence from Spain," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 95(1), pages 85-111, March.
    8. Ziran Ding, 2022. "Firm heterogeneity, variable markups, and multinational production: A review from trade policy perspective," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 1311-1357, December.
    9. Bournakis, Ioannis & Papanastassiou, Marina & Papaioannou, Sotiris, 2020. "Multinationals and Domestic TFP: Market Shares, Agglomerations Gains and Foreign Ownership," MPRA Paper 106626, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Reddy, Ketan & Sasidharan, Subash, 2024. "Global value chains, productivity and markup: Evidence from India," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 250-271.
    11. Dolores Añon Higón & Ionnanis Bournakis, 2024. "Global Value Chains (GVCs) participation and Markups," Working Papers 2403, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    markup premia; detailed trade data; quality; self-selection;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • D24 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General

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