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Geographic Differences in AFDC and Food Stamp Caseloads in the Welfare Reform Era

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  • James P. Ziliak
  • David N. Figlio
Abstract
The substantial economic expansion of the 1990s, coupled with the dramatic changes in the delivery of cash assistance in America, may have had differential impacts on welfare caseloads across geographic areas because of spatial differences in the composition of labor-market skills and welfare caseloads. We examine urban and rural differences in the impact of the macroeconomy and welfare reform on AFDC/TANF and Food Stamp caseloads using county level data from the states of Oregon and Wisconsin for 1990-1999. These states are credited with being early major innovators in the area of welfare reform, so it is of great interest to examine whether the business cycle and welfare reform have had a different geographic impact in these states. With the exception of Oregon's food stamp caseload, we find no statistically significant urban and rural differences in the long-run impact of the macroeconomy. However, we do find important geographic differences in the impacts of welfare reform on AFDC/TANF and food stamp caseloads across both states-the 1996 federal welfare reform legislation resulted in a more pronounced leveling down of urban caseloads relative to rural caseloads.

Suggested Citation

  • James P. Ziliak & David N. Figlio, 2000. "Geographic Differences in AFDC and Food Stamp Caseloads in the Welfare Reform Era," JCPR Working Papers 180, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:wop:jopovw:180
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Wiseman, 1996. "State strategies for welfare reform: The Wisconsin story," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(4), pages 515-546.
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    6. J. P. Ziliak & D. N. Figlio & E. E. Davis & L. S. Connolly, "undated". "Accounting for the Decline in AFDC Caseloads: Welfare Reform or Economic Growth?," Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Papers 1151-97, University of Wisconsin Institute for Research on Poverty.
    7. David N. Figlio & Craig Gundersen & James P. Ziliak, 2000. "The Effects of the Macroeconomy and Welfare Reform on Food Stamp Caseloads," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 82(3), pages 635-641.
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    12. J. P. Ziliak & C. Gundersen & D. N. Figlio, "undated". "Welfare Reform and Food Stamp Caseload Dynamics," Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Papers 1215-00, University of Wisconsin Institute for Research on Poverty.
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    15. Robert A. Moffitt, 1999. "The Effect of Pre-PRWORA Waivers on AFDC Caseloads and Female Earnings, Income, and Labor Force Behavior," JCPR Working Papers 89, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mills, Bradford F., 2002. "Changes In The Well-Being Of Nonmetropolitan Single-Mother Families: A Semi-Parametric Analysis," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 27(2), pages 1-24, December.

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