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Microfinance and moneylenders : long-run effects of MFIs on informal credit market in Bangladesh

Author

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  • Berg, Claudia
  • Emran, M. Shahe
  • Shilpi, Forhad
Abstract
Using two surveys from Bangladesh, this paper provides evidence on the effects of microfinance competition on village moneylender interest rates and households'dependence on informal credit. The views among practitioners diverge sharply: proponents claim that competition of microfinance institutions reduces both the moneylender interest rate and households'reliance on informal credit, while the critics argue the opposite. Taking advantage of recent econometric approaches that address selection on unobservables without imposing standard exclusion restrictions, this paper finds that microfinance competition does not reduce moneylender interest rates, thus partially repudiating the proponents. The effects are heterogeneous; there is no perceptible effect at low levels of coverage, but when microfinance coverage is high enough, the moneylender interest rate increases significantly. In contrast, households'dependence on informal credit tends to go down after they become a member of a microfinance institution, which contradicts part of the critic's argument. The evidence is consistent with a model where microfinance institutions draw away better borrowers from the moneylender, and fixed costs are important in informal lending.

Suggested Citation

  • Berg, Claudia & Emran, M. Shahe & Shilpi, Forhad, 2013. "Microfinance and moneylenders : long-run effects of MFIs on informal credit market in Bangladesh," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6619, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6619
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Bo & Yu, Yunjun & Yang, Ziying & Zhang, Xiaomei, 2021. "Microfinance institutions and Peer-to-Peer lending: What does microfinance competition bring?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    2. Emran, M. Shahe & Shilpi, Forhad, 2021. "Microfinance, Moneylenders, and Economic Shocks: An Assessment of the Bangladesh Experience," MPRA Paper 111159, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Demont, Timothée, 2016. "Microfinance spillovers: A model of competition in informal credit markets with an application to Indian villages," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 21-41.
    4. Islam, Asadul & Nguyen, Chau & Smyth, Russell, 2015. "Does microfinance change informal lending in village economies? Evidence from Bangladesh," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 141-156.
    5. Hoffmann, Vivian & Rao, Vijayendra & Surendra, Vaishnavi & Datta, Upamanyu, 2021. "Relief from usury: Impact of a self-help group lending program in rural India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    6. Djibril Faye & Zaka Ratsimalahelo, 2022. "Dynamic analysis of the interest rate determinant in microfinance institutions," Working Papers 2022-09, CRESE.
    7. Abhirupa Das & Uday Bhanu Sinha, 2022. "Microfinance institution and moneylenders in a segmented rural credit market," Working papers 324, Centre for Development Economics, Delhi School of Economics.
    8. Giulia Bettin & Claudia Pigini & Alberto Zazzaro, 2020. "Financial Inclusion and Poverty Transitions: An Empirical Analysis for Italy," CSEF Working Papers 577, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    9. Rejaul K. Bakshi & Debdulal Mallick & Mehmet A. Ulubaşoğlu, 2019. "Social capital as a coping mechanism for seasonal deprivation: the case of the Monga in Bangladesh," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 239-262, July.
    10. Cherry Wyle G. Layaoen & Kazushi Takahashi, 2022. "Can microfinance lending crowd out informal lenders? Evidence from the Philippines," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(2), pages 379-414, March.
    11. Rabbani, Atonu & Hasan, Md. Mehadi, 2021. "The role of borrowing in crisis coping among ultra-poor households in rural Bangladesh," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    12. Malek, Mohammad Abdul & Kikkawa, Aiko & Azad, Abul Kalam & Sawada, Yasuyuki, 2022. "Rural Development in Bangladesh Over Four Decades: Findings from Mahabub Hossain Panel Data and the Way Forward," ADBI Working Papers 1350, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    13. Bardsley, Peter & Meager, Rachael, 2019. "Competing lending platforms, endogenous reputation, and fragility in microcredit markets," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 107-126.
    14. Mookherjee, D. & Motta, A., 2016. "A theory of interactions between MFIs and informal lenders," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 191-200.
    15. Mallick, Debdulal & Zhang, Quanda, 2019. "The Effect of Financial Inclusion on Household Welfare in China," MPRA Paper 95786, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Uduakobong Inyang, 2022. "Risks to credit access in a developing economy:Focus on household characteristics and the choice of credit in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 11(2), pages 228-240, March.
    17. Mallick, Debdulal & Nabin, Munirul H., 2018. "Cost effectiveness or serving the poor? Factors determining program placement of NGOs in Bangladesh," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 281-290.
    18. Minhaj Mahmud & Yasuyuki Sawada & Mari Tanaka, 2022. "Microfinance competition and multiple borrowing: Evidence using panel data from Bangladesh," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 1164-1188, May.
    19. M. Shahe Emran & Virginia Robano & Stephen C. Smith, 2014. "Assessing the Frontiers of Ultrapoverty Reduction: Evidence from Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction/Targeting the Ultra-poor, an Innovative Program in Bangladesh," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 62(2), pages 339-380.
    20. M. Shahe Emran & A. K. M. Mahbub Morshed & Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2021. "Microfinance and missing markets," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 34-67, February.
    21. Tiziana Venittelli, 2017. "The Impact of Microfinance Institutions on the Informal Credit Market: Evidence from Andhra Pradesh," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 29(2), pages 512-531, April.

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    Keywords

    Access to Finance; Debt Markets; Banks&Banking Reform; Economic Theory&Research; Emerging Markets;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C3 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements

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