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The Shapley Value and Games with Hierarchies

Author

Listed:
  • Encarnacion Algaba

    (Seville University)

  • Rene van den Brink

    (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)

Abstract
In this paper we focus on restrictions arising from the players belonging to some hierarchical structure that is represented by a digraph. Two of these models are the games with a permission structure and games under precedence constraints. In both cases, the hierarchy can be represented by a directed graph which restricts the possibilities of coalition formation. These two approaches led to two different type of solutions in the literature. The precedence power solutions for games under precedence constraints, are axiomatized with an axiom that applies a network power measure to the precedence constraint. We will show that something similar can be done for games with a permission structure, and obtain a class of permission power solutions. This class contains the (conjunctive) permission value. With this we have two classes of solutions for games with a hierarchy, one based on permission structures and another based on precedence constraints, that are characterized by similar axioms. Moreover, the solutions are linked with network power measures.

Suggested Citation

  • Encarnacion Algaba & Rene van den Brink, 2019. "The Shapley Value and Games with Hierarchies," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 19-064/II, Tinbergen Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:tin:wpaper:20190064
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    File URL: https://papers.tinbergen.nl/19064.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. René Brink & P. Herings & Gerard Laan & A. Talman, 2015. "The Average Tree permission value for games with a permission tree," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 58(1), pages 99-123, January.
    2. Lange, Fabien & Grabisch, Michel, 2009. "Values on regular games under Kirchhoff's laws," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 58(3), pages 322-340, November.
    3. René Brink & Ilya Katsev & Gerard Laan, 2011. "Axiomatizations of two types of Shapley values for games on union closed systems," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 47(1), pages 175-188, May.
    4. Roger B. Myerson, 1977. "Graphs and Cooperation in Games," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 2(3), pages 225-229, August.
    5. E. Algaba & J. M. Bilbao & J. J. López, 2004. "The position value in communication structures," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 59(3), pages 465-477, July.
    6. Encarnación Algaba & René Brink & Chris Dietz, 2017. "Power Measures and Solutions for Games Under Precedence Constraints," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 172(3), pages 1008-1022, March.
    7. Robert P. Gilles, 2010. "The Cooperative Game Theory of Networks and Hierarchies," Theory and Decision Library C, Springer, number 978-3-642-05282-8, December.
    8. Gomez, Daniel & Gonzalez-Aranguena, Enrique & Manuel, Conrado & Owen, Guillermo & del Pozo, Monica & Tejada, Juan, 2003. "Centrality and power in social networks: a game theoretic approach," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 27-54, August.
    9. E. Algaba & J. M. Bilbao & P. Borm & J. J. López, 2001. "The Myerson value for union stable structures," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 54(3), pages 359-371, December.
    10. René Brink & Gerard Laan & Vitaly Pruzhansky, 2011. "Harsanyi power solutions for graph-restricted games," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 40(1), pages 87-110, February.
    11. van den Brink, Rene & Gilles, Robert P., 1996. "Axiomatizations of the Conjunctive Permission Value for Games with Permission Structures," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 113-126, January.
    12. E. Algaba & J. M. Bilbao & R. van den Brink & A. Jiménez-Losada, 2003. "Axiomatizations of the Shapley value for cooperative games on antimatroids," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 57(1), pages 49-65, April.
    13. E. Algaba & J. M. Bilbao & R. Brink & J. J. López, 2012. "The Myerson Value and Superfluous Supports in Union Stable Systems," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 155(2), pages 650-668, November.
    14. E. Algaba & J. M. Bilbao & P. Borm & J. J. López, 2000. "The position value for union stable systems," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 52(2), pages 221-236, November.
    15. E. Algaba & J. Bilbao & R. Brink, 2015. "Harsanyi power solutions for games on union stable systems," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 225(1), pages 27-44, February.
    16. Borm, P.E.M. & Owen, G. & Tijs, S.H., 1992. "On the position value for communication situations," Other publications TiSEM 5a8473e4-1df7-42df-ad53-f, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    17. Gilles, Robert P & Owen, Guillermo & van den Brink, Rene, 1992. "Games with Permission Structures: The Conjunctive Approach," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 20(3), pages 277-293.
    18. E. Algaba & J.M. Bilbao & J.J. López, 2001. "A unified approach to restricted games," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 333-345, June.
    19. Encarnación Algaba & René Brink & Chris Dietz, 2018. "Network Structures with Hierarchy and Communication," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 179(1), pages 265-282, October.
    20. Faigle, U & Kern, W, 1992. "The Shapley Value for Cooperative Games under Precedence Constraints," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 21(3), pages 249-266.
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    Cited by:

    1. Encarnacion Algaba & Rene van den Brink, 2021. "Networks, Communication and Hierarchy: Applications to Cooperative Games," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 21-019/IV, Tinbergen Institute.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cooperative transferable utility game; permission structures; precedence constraints; Shapley value; hierarchical solution; power measures;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C71 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Cooperative Games

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