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The Use of Modal Accessibility Gap as an Indicator for Sustainable Transport Development

Author

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  • Rebecca C W Kwok

    (Department of Public and Social Administration, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China)

  • Anthony G O Yeh

    (Centre of Urban Planning and Environmental Management, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China)

Abstract
Transport plays an important role in sustainable development because it uses a lot of energy. In order to plan for sustainable transport development, there is a need to develop indicators for assessing and monitoring transport development. In this paper we develop a sustainable transport development indicator by making use of the concepts of accessibility and geographical information systems. A modal accessibility gap index is proposed, which is calculated by finding the difference between the accessibility indices of public and private transport, which are in turn determined by accessibilities to opportunities such as the number of population, jobs, shops, and schools by public and private transport. Considering energy-efficiency, public transport will achieve sustainable transport more than private transport. A higher accessibility gap may mean more sustainable development. In the present study, the accessibility gap of Hong Kong in 1991 is compared with that in 1996 to examine whether transport development has been more sustainable. We also discuss how to use the accessibility gap indicator to test land-use and transport-development policies and scenarios to determine the more sustainable ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecca C W Kwok & Anthony G O Yeh, 2004. "The Use of Modal Accessibility Gap as an Indicator for Sustainable Transport Development," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 36(5), pages 921-936, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:envira:v:36:y:2004:i:5:p:921-936
    DOI: 10.1068/a3673
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roberta Capello & Peter Nijkamp & Gerard Pepping, 1999. "Sustainable Cities and Energy Policies," Advances in Spatial Science, Springer, number 978-3-662-03833-8.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cheng, Jianquan & Bertolini, Luca, 2013. "Measuring urban job accessibility with distance decay, competition and diversity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 100-109.
    2. Itzhak Benenson & Karel Martens & Yodan Rofé & Ariela Kwartler, 2011. "Public transport versus private car GIS-based estimation of accessibility applied to the Tel Aviv metropolitan area," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 47(3), pages 499-515, December.
    3. Dewulf, Bart & Neutens, Tijs & Vanlommel, Mario & Logghe, Steven & De Maeyer, Philippe & Witlox, Frank & De Weerdt, Yves & Van de Weghe, Nico, 2015. "Examining commuting patterns using Floating Car Data and circular statistics: Exploring the use of new methods and visualizations to study travel times," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 41-51.
    4. Yan, Xiang & Bejleri, Ilir & Zhai, Liang, 2022. "A spatiotemporal analysis of transit accessibility to low-wage jobs in Miami-Dade County," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    5. Salonen, Maria & Toivonen, Tuuli, 2013. "Modelling travel time in urban networks: comparable measures for private car and public transport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 143-153.
    6. Harbering, Marie & Schlüter, Jan, 2020. "Determinants of transport mode choice in metropolitan areas the case of the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    7. David S. Vale & Fernando Ascensão & Nuno Raposo & António Pedro Figueiredo, 2017. "Comparing access for all: disability-induced accessibility disparity in Lisbon," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 43-64, January.
    8. Cervero, Robert, 2005. "Accessible Cities and Regions: A Framework for Sustainable Transport and Urbanism in the 21st Century," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt27g2q0cx, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
    9. Muhammad Waqas & Qian-li Dong & Naveed Ahmad & Yuming Zhu & Muhammad Nadeem, 2018. "Understanding Acceptability towards Sustainable Transportation Behavior: A Case Study of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-24, October.
    10. Niedzielski, Michał A., 2021. "Grocery store accessibility: Different metrics – Different modal disparity results and spatial patterns," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    11. Ben-Elia, Eran & Benenson, Itzhak, 2019. "A spatially-explicit method for analyzing the equity of transit commuters' accessibility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 31-42.
    12. Mizuki Kawabata & Qing Shen, 2007. "Commuting Inequality between Cars and Public Transit: The Case of the San Francisco Bay Area, 1990-2000," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(9), pages 1759-1780, August.
    13. Yang, Wenyue & Chen, Bi Yu & Cao, Xiaoshu & Li, Tao & Li, Peng, 2017. "The spatial characteristics and influencing factors of modal accessibility gaps: A case study for Guangzhou, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 21-32.
    14. Nir Kaplan & Itzhak Omer, 2022. "Multiscale Accessibility—A New Perspective of Space Structuration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    15. Vega, Amaya, 2012. "Using Place Rank to measure sustainable accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 411-418.
    16. Chen, Jie & Ni, Jianhua & Xi, Changbai & Li, Siqian & Wang, Jiechen, 2017. "Determining intra-urban spatial accessibility disparities in multimodal public transport networks," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 123-133.
    17. Karel Martens, 2011. "Substance precedes methodology: on cost–benefit analysis and equity," Transportation, Springer, vol. 38(6), pages 959-974, November.
    18. Eda Ustaoglu & Brendan Williams & Laura O. Petrov & Harutyun Shahumyan & Hedwig Van Delden, 2017. "Developing and Assessing Alternative Land-Use Scenarios from the MOLAND Model: A Scenario-Based Impact Analysis Approach for the Evaluation of Rapid Rail Provisions and Urban Development in the Greate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-34, December.
    19. Nir Kaplan & David Burg & Itzhak Omer, 2022. "Multiscale accessibility and urban performance," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 49(2), pages 687-703, February.
    20. Javad J. C. Aman & Myriam Zakhem & Janille Smith-Colin, 2021. "Towards Equity in Micromobility: Spatial Analysis of Access to Bikes and Scooters amongst Disadvantaged Populations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, October.

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