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The long-term health impacts of Medicaid and CHIP

Author

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  • Thompson, Owen
Abstract
This paper estimates the effect of US public health insurance programs for children on health. Previous work in this area has typically focused on the relationship between current program eligibility and current health. But because health is a stock variable which reflects the cumulative influence of health inputs, it would be preferable to estimate the impact of total program eligibility during childhood on longer-term health outcomes. I provide such estimates by using longitudinal data to construct Medicaid and CHIP eligibility measures that are observed from birth through age 18 and estimating the effect of cumulative program exposure on a variety of health outcomes observed in early adulthood. To account for the endogeneity of program eligibility, I exploit variation in Medicaid and CHIP generosity across states and over time for children of different ages. I find that an additional year of public health insurance eligibility during childhood improves a summary index of adult health by.079 standard deviations, and substantially reduces health limitations, chronic conditions and asthma prevalence while improving self-rated health.

Suggested Citation

  • Thompson, Owen, 2017. "The long-term health impacts of Medicaid and CHIP," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 26-40.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jhecon:v:51:y:2017:i:c:p:26-40
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.12.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Toshiaki Iizuka & Hitoshi Shigeoka, 2018. "Free for Children? Patient Cost-sharing and Healthcare Utilization," NBER Working Papers 25306, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Gopalan, Maithreyi & Lombardi, Caitlin & Bullinger, Lindsey Rose, 2021. "Effects of Parental Public Health Insurance Eligibility on Parent and Child Health Outcomes," SocArXiv vghk6, Center for Open Science.
    3. Wojciech Gryzbowski & Aleksandra Adamicz & Hanna Wysocki, 2021. "The Social Externality of Health Insurance: Evidence from Unemployment Insurance Generosity and Children Mortality," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 2, pages 262-279, July.
    4. Sarah Miller & Norman Johnson & Laura R Wherry, 2021. "Medicaid and Mortality: New Evidence From Linked Survey and Administrative Data," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 136(3), pages 1783-1829.
    5. Gabriella Conti, 2013. "The Developmental Origins of Health Inequality," Research on Economic Inequality, in: Health and Inequality, volume 21, pages 285-309, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    6. O'Donnell, Owen, 2024. "Health and health system effects on poverty: A narrative review of global evidence," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    7. Cheolmin Kang & Akira Kawamura & Haruko Noguchi, 2019. "Does Free Healthcare Affect Children's Healthcare Use and Outcomes?," Working Papers 1914, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    8. Chloe N. East & Sarah Miller & Marianne Page & Laura R. Wherry, 2023. "Multigenerational Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net: Early Life Exposure to Medicaid and the Next Generation's Health," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 113(1), pages 98-135, January.
    9. Huang, Wei & Liu, Hong, 2023. "Early childhood exposure to health insurance and adolescent outcomes: Evidence from rural China," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    10. Guldi, Melanie & Hamersma, Sarah, 2023. "The effects of pregnancy-related Medicaid expansions on maternal, infant, and child health," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    11. Kang, Cheolmin & Kawamura, Akira & Noguchi, Haruko, 2022. "Does free healthcare improve children's healthcare use and outcomes? Evidence from Japan's healthcare subsidy for young children," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 372-406.
    12. Tung Yu Marco Chan, 2020. "An Empirical Evaluation On The Effectiveness Of Medicaid Expansion Across 49 States," Papers 2012.11286, arXiv.org.
    13. Gopalan, Maithreyi & Lombardi, Caitlin McPherran & Bullinger, Lindsey Rose, 2022. "Effects of parental public health insurance eligibility on parent and child health outcomes," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    14. Lu, Shengfeng & Chen, Sixia & Wang, Peigang, 2019. "Language barriers and health status of elderly migrants: Micro-evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 94-112.
    15. Hull, Marie C. & Yan, Ji, 2024. "The Impact of Children's Access to Public Health Insurance on Their Cognitive Development and Behavior," IZA Discussion Papers 17190, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    16. Jiajing Li & Chen Jiao & Stephen Nicholas & Jian Wang & Gong Chen & Jinghua Chang, 2020. "Impact of Medical Debt on the Financial Welfare of Middle- and Low-Income Families across China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-13, June.

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