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Bailouts, the incentive to manage risk, and financial crises

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  • Panageas, Stavros
Abstract
A firm's termination leads to bankruptcy costs. This may create an incentive for outside stakeholders or the firm's debtholders to bail out the firm as bankruptcy looms. Because of this implicit guarantee, firm shareholders have an incentive to increase volatility in order to exploit the implicit protection. However, if they increase volatility too much they may induce the guarantee-extending parties to "walk away." I derive the optimal risk management rule in such a framework and show that it allows high volatility choices, while net worth is high. However, risk limits tighten abruptly when the firm's net worth declines below an endogenously determined threshold. Hence, the model reproduces the qualitative features of existing risk management rules, and can account for phenomena such as "flight to quality."

Suggested Citation

  • Panageas, Stavros, 2010. "Bailouts, the incentive to manage risk, and financial crises," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(3), pages 296-311, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:95:y:2010:i:3:p:296-311
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    Cited by:

    1. Boubaker, Sabri & Nguyen, Pascal & Rouatbi, Wael, 2012. "Large shareholders and firm risk-taking behavior," MPRA Paper 39005, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Kuersten, Wolfgang & Linde, Rainer, 2011. "Corporate hedging versus risk-shifting in financially constrained firms: The time-horizon matters!," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 502-525, June.
    3. Viral Acharya & Itamar Drechsler & Philipp Schnabl, 2014. "A Pyrrhic Victory? Bank Bailouts and Sovereign Credit Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2689-2739, December.
    4. Bálint L. Horváth & Harry Huizinga, 2015. "Does the European Financial Stability Facility Bail Out Sovereigns or Banks? An Event Study," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(1), pages 177-206, February.
    5. Bai, Jennie & Goldstein, Robert S. & Yang, Fan, 2019. "The leverage effect and the basket-index put spread," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 131(1), pages 186-205.
    6. Bryan Kelly & Hanno Lustig & Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, 2016. "Too-Systemic-to-Fail: What Option Markets Imply about Sector-Wide Government Guarantees," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 106(6), pages 1278-1319, June.
    7. Diemo Dietrich & Achim Hauck, 2012. "Government interventions in banking crises: effects of alternative schemes on bank lending and risk taking," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 59(2), pages 133-161, May.
    8. Viral Acharya & Itamar Drechsler & Philipp Schnabl, 2014. "A Pyrrhic Victory? Bank Bailouts and Sovereign Credit Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2689-2739, December.
    9. Deborah Lucas & Robert McDonald, 2010. "Valuing Government Guarantees: Fannie and Freddie Revisited," NBER Chapters, in: Measuring and Managing Federal Financial Risk, pages 131-154, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Paltalidis, Nikos & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Kizys, Renatas & Koutelidakis, Yiannis, 2015. "Transmission channels of systemic risk and contagion in the European financial network," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(S1), pages 36-52.
    11. Kizys, Renatas & Paltalidis, Nikos & Vergos, Konstantinos, 2016. "The quest for banking stability in the euro area: The role of government interventions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 111-133.
    12. Zhang, Ran & Li, Yifei & Tian, Yuan, 2022. "Corporate bonds with implicit government guarantees," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    13. Ng, Travis, 2014. "Bailing outsourcing," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(4), pages 983-993.
    14. Stavros Panageas, 2009. "Too big to fail, but a lot to bail: Optimal financing of large bailouts," 2009 Meeting Papers 175, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    15. Jean-Charles Rochet & Guillaume Roger, 2016. "Risky utilities," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 62(1), pages 361-382, June.
    16. Bing Chen & Li Li & Fei Peng & Ruhul Salim, 2020. "Risk contagion in the cross‐border banking network: Some new evidence," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 25(3), pages 475-495, July.
    17. Panageas, Stavros, 2010. "Optimal taxation in the presence of bailouts," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 101-116, January.
    18. Priyank Gandhi & Hanno Lustig, 2010. "Size Anomalies in U.S. Bank Stock Returns: A Fiscal Explanation," NBER Working Papers 16553, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Marcin Kacperczyk & Philipp Schnabl, 2011. "Implicit Guarantees and Risk Taking: Evidence from Money Market Funds," NBER Working Papers 17321, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Eckhard Hein & Daniel Detzer & Nina Dodig (ed.), 2015. "The Demise of Finance-dominated Capitalism," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 16281.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Continuous time methods Default Implicit guarantees Risk management Bailouts;

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation

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