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A century of interfuel substitution

Author

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  • Nurul Hossain, A.K.M.
  • Serletis, Apostolos
Abstract
We investigate the demand for energy and the degree of substitutability among fossil fuels in the United States using the Normalized Quadratic (NQ) expenditure function and (to our knowledge) the longest span prices and quantities that have ever been studied before, from 1919 to 2012. In doing so, we merge the empirical energy demand systems literature with the recent financial econometrics literature, relaxing the homoskedasticity assumption and instead assuming that the covariance matrix of the errors of the flexible demand system is time-varying. We generate inference, in terms of a full set of elasticities, consistent with neoclassical microeconomic theory and the data generating process. Our results are in line with earlier findings in the literature based on shorter duration samples and different methodologies. They have important implications for climate policy intervention designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We show that there is a small but statistically significant substitution possibility between crude oil and natural gas, but not between crude oil and coal. We also provide evidence that natural gas is a substitute for coal when the price of coal changes, but coal is not a substitute for natural gas when the price of natural gas changes.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurul Hossain, A.K.M. & Serletis, Apostolos, 2017. "A century of interfuel substitution," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 28-42.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jocoma:v:8:y:2017:i:c:p:28-42
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomm.2017.09.001
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    2. Hupka, Yuri & Popova, Ivilina & Simkins, Betty & Lee, Thomas, 2023. "A review of the literature on LNG: Hubs development, market integration, and price discovery," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    3. Hossain, A. K. M. Nurul & Serletis, Apostolos, 2020. "Biofuel substitution in the U.S. transportation sector," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    4. Serletis, Apostolos & Xu, Libo, 2022. "Interfuel substitution: A copula approach," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 28(C).
    5. Jawadi, Fredj & Ftiti, Zied, 2019. "Oil price collapse and challenges to economic transformation of Saudi Arabia: A time-series analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 12-19.
    6. Serletis, Apostolos & Xu, Libo, 2019. "The demand for banking and shadow banking services," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 132-146.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Flexible functional forms; NQ expenditure function; Volatility; Interfuel elasticities of substitution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C3 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
    • Q3 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

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