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CO2 emissions abatement in the Nordic carbon-intensive industry – An end-game in sight?

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  • Rootzén, Johan
  • Johnsson, Filip
Abstract
Analysing different future trajectories of technological developments we assess the prospects for Nordic carbon-intensive industries to significantly reduce direct CO2 emissions in the period 2010–2050. This analysis covers petroleum refining, integrated iron and steel production, and cement manufacturing in the four largest Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Our results show that the implementation of currently available abatement measures will not be enough to meet the ambitious emissions reduction targets envisaged for the Year 2050. We show how an extensive deployment of CCS (carbon capture and storage) could result in emissions reductions that are in line with such targets. However, large-scale introduction of CCS would come at a significant price in terms of energy use and the associated flows of captured CO2 would place high requirements on timely planning of infrastructure for the transportation and storage of CO2. Further the assessment highlights the importance of, especially in the absence of successful deployment of CO2 capture, encouraging increased use of biomass in the cement and integrated iron and steel industries, and of promoting the utilisation of alternative raw materials in cement manufacturing to complement efforts to improve energy efficiency.

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  • Rootzén, Johan & Johnsson, Filip, 2015. "CO2 emissions abatement in the Nordic carbon-intensive industry – An end-game in sight?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 715-730.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:80:y:2015:i:c:p:715-730
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.029
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    2. Ida Karlsson & Johan Rootzén & Alla Toktarova & Mikael Odenberger & Filip Johnsson & Lisa Göransson, 2020. "Roadmap for Decarbonization of the Building and Construction Industry—A Supply Chain Analysis Including Primary Production of Steel and Cement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-40, August.
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    5. Nwachukwu, Chinedu M. & Toffolo, Andrea & Wetterlund, Elisabeth, 2020. "Biomass-based gas use in Swedish iron and steel industry – Supply chain and process integration considerations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 2797-2811.
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    7. Gavenas, Ekaterina & Rosendahl, Knut Einar & Skjerpen, Terje, 2015. "CO2-emissions from Norwegian oil and gas extraction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1956-1966.
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    11. Liu, Xianbing & Fan, Yongbin & Wang, Can, 2017. "An estimation of the effect of carbon pricing for CO2 mitigation in China’s cement industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 671-686.
    12. Yi Chai & Xueqin Lin & Dai Wang, 2021. "Industrial Structure Transformation and Layout Optimization of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region under Carbon Emission Constraints," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-20, January.
    13. Fitzpatrick, John J. & Dooley, Paul, 2017. "Holistic view of CO2 reduction potential from energy use by an individual processing company," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 336-343.
    14. Košnjek, Edvard & Sučić, Boris & Kostić, Dušan & Smolej, Tom, 2024. "An energy community as a platform for local sector coupling: From complex modelling to simulation and implementation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    15. Zhang, Ning & Wang, Shuo, 2024. "Can China's regional carbon market pilots improve power plants' energy efficiency?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    16. Karlsson, Ida & Rootzén, Johan & Johnsson, Filip, 2020. "Reaching net-zero carbon emissions in construction supply chains – Analysis of a Swedish road construction project," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    17. Ulrik Beck & Peter K. Kruse-Andersen, 2020. "Endogenizing the Cap in a Cap-and-Trade System: Assessing the Agreement on EU ETS Phase 4," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 77(4), pages 781-811, December.
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    19. Griffin, Paul W. & Hammond, Geoffrey P., 2019. "Industrial energy use and carbon emissions reduction in the iron and steel sector: A UK perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 109-125.

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