Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/eneeco/v63y2017icp348-364.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The use of nonlinear hedging strategies by US oil producers: Motivations and implications

Author

Listed:
  • Mnasri, Mohamed
  • Dionne, Georges
  • Gueyie, Jean-Pierre
Abstract
This paper investigates the motivations and value effect of nonlinear hedges. Using a new dataset on the hedging activities of 150U.S. oil producers, we present empirical evidence that nonlinear hedging strategies are motivated by sensitivities of firm's investment expenditures and revenues to oil price fluctuations, and quantity–price correlation. We also find a non–monotonic relationship between the use of nonlinear hedges and financial constraints. Investment opportunities, production uncertainty, and changes in oil prices and volatilities also play a significant role in hedging strategy choice. Controlling for bias related to omitted variables and self–selection in the estimation of marginal treatment effects of hedging strategy choice, we find that oil producers with a higher propensity to use pure nonlinear hedging strategies tend to have higher marginal firm value.

Suggested Citation

  • Mnasri, Mohamed & Dionne, Georges & Gueyie, Jean-Pierre, 2017. "The use of nonlinear hedging strategies by US oil producers: Motivations and implications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 348-364.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:63:y:2017:i:c:p:348-364
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2017.02.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988317300415
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.eneco.2017.02.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dionne, Georges & Garand, Martin, 2003. "Risk management determinants affecting firms' values in the gold mining industry: new empirical results," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 79(1), pages 43-52, April.
    2. Moschini, Giancarlo & Lapan, Harvey, 1995. "The Hedging Role of Options and Futures under Joint Price, Basis, and Production Risk," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 36(4), pages 1025-1049, November.
    3. Adam, Tim, 2009. "Capital expenditures, financial constraints, and the use of options," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 238-251, May.
    4. Yanbo Jin & Philippe Jorion, 2006. "Firm Value and Hedging: Evidence from U.S. Oil and Gas Producers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(2), pages 893-919, April.
    5. Gerald D. Gay & Jouahn Nam, 1998. "The Underinvestment Problem and Corporate Derivatives Use," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 27(4), Winter.
    6. Kenneth Lehn & Annette Poulsen, 1989. "Free Cash Flow and Stockholder Gains in Going Private Transactions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 44(3), pages 771-787, July.
    7. Moschini, Giancarlo & Lapan, Harvey E, 1992. "Hedging Price Risk with Options and Futures for the Competitive Firm with Production Flexibility," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 33(3), pages 607-618, August.
    8. Pedro Carneiro & James J. Heckman & Edward J. Vytlacil, 2011. "Estimating Marginal Returns to Education," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(6), pages 2754-2781, October.
    9. Adam, Tim Rene, 2002. "Risk management and the credit risk premium," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(2-3), pages 243-269, March.
    10. Georges Dionne & Marc Santugini, 2015. "Production Flexibility and Hedging," Risks, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-10, December.
    11. James J. Heckman & Sergio Urzua & Edward Vytlacil, 2006. "Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential Heterogeneity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 88(3), pages 389-432, August.
    12. Gerald D. Gay & Jouahn Nam & Marian Turac, 2003. "On the optimal mix of corporate hedging instruments: Linear versus nonlinear derivatives," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(3), pages 217-239, March.
    13. Bartram, Söhnke M. & Brown, Gregory W. & Conrad, Jennifer, 2011. "The Effects of Derivatives on Firm Risk and Value," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(4), pages 967-999, August.
    14. René M. Stulz, 1996. "Rethinking Risk Management," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 9(3), pages 8-25, September.
    15. Scott Brave & Thomas Walstrum, 2014. "Estimating marginal treatment effects using parametric and semiparametric methods," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 14(1), pages 191-217, March.
    16. G. David Haushalter, 2000. "Financing Policy, Basis Risk, and Corporate Hedging: Evidence from Oil and Gas Producers," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(1), pages 107-152, February.
    17. Gregory W. Brown & Klaus Bjerre Toft, 2002. "How Firms Should Hedge," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 15(4), pages 1283-1324.
    18. Gerald D. Gay & Jouahn Nam & Marian Turac, 2002. "How Firms Manage Risk: The Optimal Mix Of Linear And Non‐Linear Derivatives," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 14(4), pages 82-93, January.
    19. Franke, Gunter & Stapleton, Richard C. & Subrahmanyam, Marti G., 1998. "Who Buys and Who Sells Options: The Role of Options in an Economy with Background Risk," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 82(1), pages 89-109, September.
    20. Murillo Campello & Chen Lin & Yue Ma & Hong Zou, 2011. "The Real and Financial Implications of Corporate Hedging," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(5), pages 1615-1647, October.
    21. Walter Dolde, 1993. "The Trajectory Of Corporate Financial Risk Management," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 6(3), pages 33-41, September.
    22. Arne Risa Hole, 2007. "Fitting mixed logit models by using maximum simulated likelihood," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 7(3), pages 388-401, September.
    23. John R. Graham & Daniel A. Rogers, 2002. "Do Firms Hedge in Response to Tax Incentives?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(2), pages 815-839, April.
    24. Hoa Nguyen & Robert Faff, 2002. "On The Determinants of Derivative Usage by Australian Companies," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 27(1), pages 1-24, June.
    25. Marti G. Subrahmanyam & Günter Franke & Richard C. Stapleton, 1998. "Who Buys and Who Sells Options: The Role and Pricing of Options in an Economy with Background Risk," New York University, Leonard N. Stern School Finance Department Working Paper Seires 98-063, New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business-.
    26. Tufano, Peter, 1996. "Who Manages Risk? An Empirical Examination of Risk Management Practices in the Gold Mining Industry," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 51(4), pages 1097-1137, September.
    27. Gordon M. Bodnar & Gregory S. Hayt & Richard C. Marston, 1998. "1998 Wharton Survey of Financial Risk Management by US Non-Financial Firms," Financial Management, Financial Management Association, vol. 27(4), Winter.
    28. Froot, Kenneth A & Scharfstein, David S & Stein, Jeremy C, 1993. "Risk Management: Coordinating Corporate Investment and Financing Policies," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1629-1658, December.
    29. Geczy, Christopher & Minton, Bernadette A & Schrand, Catherine, 1997. "Why Firms Use Currency Derivatives," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(4), pages 1323-1354, September.
    30. repec:bla:jfinan:v:44:y:1989:i:3:p:771-87 is not listed on IDEAS
    31. Bjorklund, Anders & Moffitt, Robert, 1987. "The Estimation of Wage Gains and Welfare Gains in Self-selection," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 69(1), pages 42-49, February.
    32. Phan, Dinh & Nguyen, Hoa & Faff, Robert, 2014. "Uncovering the asymmetric linkage between financial derivatives and firm value — The case of oil and gas exploration and production companies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 340-352.
    33. Haushalter, G. David & Heron, Randall A. & Lie, Erik, 2002. "Price uncertainty and corporate value," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 271-286, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Markus Hang & Jerome Geyer-Klingeberg & Andreas W. Rathgeber & Clémence Alasseur & Lena Wichmann, 2021. "Interaction effects of corporate hedging activities for a multi-risk exposure: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 789-818, February.
    2. Mo, Kun & Suvankulov, Farrukh & Griffiths, Sophie, 2021. "Financial distress and commodity hedging: Evidence from Canadian oil firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    3. Ferriani, Fabrizio & Veronese, Giovanni, 2018. "U.S. shale producers: a case of dynamic risk management?," MPRA Paper 88279, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Dionne, Georges & Gueyie, Jean-Pierre & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2018. "Dynamic corporate risk management: Motivations and real implications," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 97-111.
    5. Dionne, Georges & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2018. "Real implications of corporate risk management: Evidence from U.S. oil producers," Working Papers 18-5, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.
    6. Giraldo, Carlos & Giraldo, Iader & Huertas, Cristian & Sánchez, Juan Camilo, 2024. "Determinants of Financial Hedging Strategies among Commodity Producer Firms in Latin America," Documentos de trabajo 21196, FLAR.
    7. Dionne, Georges & El Hraiki, Rayane & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2023. "Determinants and real effects of joint hedging: An empirical analysis of US oil and gas producers," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    8. Ferriani, Fabrizio & Veronese, Giovanni, 2022. "Hedging and investment trade-offs in the U.S. oil industry," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    9. Zamzamir, Zaminor & Haron, Razali & Baharul Ulum, Zatul Karamah Ahmad & Abdullah Othman, Anwar Hasan, 2021. "Non-linear relationship between foreign currency derivatives and firm value: evidence on Sharī‘ah compliant firms," Islamic Economic Studies, The Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), vol. 28, pages 156-173.
    10. Dionne, Georges & El Hraiki, Rayane & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2022. "Determinants and real effects of joint hedging: An empirical analysis of the US petroleum industry," Working Papers 22-4, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dionne, Georges & Gueyie, Jean-Pierre & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2018. "Dynamic corporate risk management: Motivations and real implications," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 97-111.
    2. Mnasri, Mohamed & Dionne, Georges & Gueyie, Jean-Pierre, 2013. "How do firms hedge risks? Empirical evidence from U.S. oil and gas producers," Working Papers 13-3, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.
    3. Mohamed Mnasri & Georges Dionne & Jean-Pierre Gueyie, 2013. "The Maturity Structure of Corporate Hedging: the Case of the U.S. Oil and Gas Industry," Cahiers de recherche 1337, CIRPEE.
    4. Jerome Geyer-Klingeberg & Markus Hang & Andreas W. Rathgeber & Stefan Stöckl & Matthias Walter, 2018. "What do we really know about corporate hedging? A meta-analytical study," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 11(1), pages 1-31, February.
    5. Dionne, Georges & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2018. "Real implications of corporate risk management: Evidence from U.S. oil producers," Working Papers 18-5, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.
    6. Franziska Wolf & Terry Boulter & Sukanto Bhattacharya, 2017. "Derivative Practices in Australian and Canadian Industries," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(04), pages 1-39, December.
    7. Carter, David A. & Rogers, Daniel A. & Simkins, Betty J. & Treanor, Stephen D., 2017. "A review of the literature on commodity risk management," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 1-17.
    8. Cornaggia, Jess, 2013. "Does risk management matter? Evidence from the U.S. agricultural industry," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 419-440.
    9. Adam, Tim, 2009. "Capital expenditures, financial constraints, and the use of options," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 238-251, May.
    10. Ferriani, Fabrizio & Veronese, Giovanni, 2018. "U.S. shale producers: a case of dynamic risk management?," MPRA Paper 88279, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Bartram, Söhnke M., 2004. "The Use of Options in Corporate Risk Management," MPRA Paper 6663, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Fauver, Larry & Naranjo, Andy, 2010. "Derivative usage and firm value: The influence of agency costs and monitoring problems," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 719-735, December.
    13. Dionne, Georges & El Hraiki, Rayane & Mnasri, Mohamed, 2022. "Determinants and real effects of joint hedging: An empirical analysis of the US petroleum industry," Working Papers 22-4, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.
    14. Gay, Gerald D. & Lin, Chen-Miao & Smith, Stephen D., 2011. "Corporate derivatives use and the cost of equity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(6), pages 1491-1506, June.
    15. Gunratan Lonare & Ahmet Nart & Ahmet M. Tuncez, 2022. "Industry tournament incentives and corporate hedging policies," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(2), pages 399-453, June.
    16. Markus Hang & Jerome Geyer‐Klingeberg & Andreas W. Rathgeber & Stefan Stöckl, 2021. "Rather complements than substitutes: Firm value effects of capital structure and financial hedging decisions," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 4895-4917, October.
    17. Berghöfer, Britta & Lucey, Brian, 2014. "Fuel hedging, operational hedging and risk exposure — Evidence from the global airline industry," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 124-139.
    18. Lutz Hahnenstein & Klaus Röder, 2007. "Who hedges more when leverage is endogenous? A testable theory of corporate risk management under general distributional conditions," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 353-391, May.
    19. Huang, Pinghsun & Huang, Hsin-Yi & Zhang, Yan, 2019. "Do firms hedge with foreign currency derivatives for employees?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(2), pages 418-440.
    20. Ferriani, Fabrizio & Veronese, Giovanni, 2022. "Hedging and investment trade-offs in the U.S. oil industry," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Risk management; Derivative choice; Endogeneity; Instrumental variable; Essential heterogeneity models; Marginal treatment effects; Oil industry;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D8 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:eneeco:v:63:y:2017:i:c:p:348-364. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/eneco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.