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Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries

Author

Listed:
  • Lili Vargha

    (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)

  • Róbert Iván Gál

    (Népességtudományi Kutatóintézet (Hungarian Demographic Research Institute))

  • Michelle O. Crosby-Nagy

    (Corvinus University of Budapest)

Abstract
Background: While the importance of unpaid household labour is recognised in total economic output, little is known about the demographics of household production and consumption. Objective: Our goal is to give a comprehensive estimation on the value of household production and its consumption by age and gender and analyse nonmarket economic transfers in 14 European countries based on publicly available harmonised data. Methods: We introduce a novel imputation method of harmonised European time use (HETUS) data to the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) in order to assign time spent on home production to consumers in households and estimate time transfers. Moreover, monetary values are attributed to household production activities using data on earnings from the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES). Results: We show that the nonmarket economic life cycle of men differs from that of women. The gender gap in household production is not evenly distributed over the life cycle. Women of working age contribute the most in net terms, while the main beneficiaries of household goods and services are children and to a lesser extent adult men. These patterns are similar across countries, with variations in the gender- and age-specific levels of home production and consumption. Conclusions: In Europe, in the national economy, intergenerational flows are important in sustaining both childhood and old age. In contrast, in the household economy, intergenerational transfers flow mostly towards children. Contribution: We add a new focus to the research on household production: While keeping the gender aspect, we demonstrate the importance of the life cycle component in household production.

Suggested Citation

  • Lili Vargha & Róbert Iván Gál & Michelle O. Crosby-Nagy, 2017. "Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 36(32), pages 905-944.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:36:y:2017:i:32
    DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.32
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Istenič, Tanja & Vargha, Lili & Sambt, Jože, 2019. "Is there a connection between welfare regimes and inter-age reallocation systems?," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 14(C).
    2. Noh‐Sun Kwark & Eunseong Ma, 2021. "Entrepreneurship And Income Distribution Dynamics: Why Is The Income Share Of Top Income Earners Acyclical Over The Business Cycle?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(1), pages 321-356, February.
    3. Bernhard Hammer & Alexia Prskawetz, 2022. "Measuring private transfers between generations and gender: an application of national transfer accounts for Austria 2015," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 49(3), pages 573-599, August.
    4. Gemma Abio & Ció Patxot & Elisenda Renteria & Guadalupe Souto & Tanja IsteniÄ, 2024. "The gender gap in paid and unpaid work along the life cycle: The role of household arrangements," UB School of Economics Working Papers 2024/464, University of Barcelona School of Economics.
    5. Hammer, Bernhard & Spitzer, Sonja & Vargha, Lili & Istenič, Tanja, 2020. "The gender dimension of intergenerational transfers in Europe," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 15(C).
    6. GÁL, Róbert Iván & VANHUYSSE, Pieter & MEDGYESI, Márton, 2023. "Taxing Reproduction : The Invisible Transfer Cost of Rearing Children in Europe," CEI Working Paper Series 2023-04, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    7. Lorenz, Svenja & Zwick, Thomas, 2020. "Money also is sunny in a retiree's world," ZEW Discussion Papers 20-056, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    8. B. Piedad Urdinola & Jorge A. Tovar, 2018. "Time Use and Gender in Colombia," Working Papers cwwwp5, University of Cape Town, Development Policy Research Unit.
    9. Lorenz, Svenja & Zwick, Thomas, 2021. "Money also is sunny in a retiree’s world: financial incentives and work after retirement," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 55, pages 1-21.
    10. Bernhard Hammer & Sonja Spitzer & Lili Vargha & Tanja Istenic, 2019. "The Gender Dimension of Intergenerational Transfers in Europe," VID Working Papers 1907, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
    11. Oosthuizen, Morné, 2024. "Education and South Africa’s waning demographic dividend," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    12. Sen, Sugata, 2019. "Decomposition of intra-household disparity sensitive fuzzy multi-dimensional poverty index: A study of vulnerability through Machine Learning," MPRA Paper 93550, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Gál, Róbert Iván & Törzsök, Árpád, 2020. "The savings gap in Hungary," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 17(C).
    14. Marina Zannella & Alessandra De Rose, 2019. "Stability and change in family time transfers and workload inequality in Italian couples," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 40(3), pages 49-60.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    time use; national transfer accounts (NTA); intergenerational transfers; cross-national research; gender; childcare; housework;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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