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Impacto de las reformas estructurales sobre la eficiencia y la equidad: la experiencia colombiana en los noventa

Author

Listed:
  • Mauricio Cárdenas
  • Catalina Gutiérrez
Abstract
“El paso de las reformas estructurales en América Latina ha sido acelerado durante los anos noventa. La mayoría de los países han reducido sustancialmente los aranceles y las restricciones no arancelarias a las importaciones, y se han firmado acuerdos de libre comercio entre varios países de la región. En todos los casos, las reformas estructurales han estado motivadas por el desencanto con los niveles de crecimiento económico durante los últimos 15 anos. Tal vez ningún otro país adoptó un paquete de reformas tan amplio y comprensivo como Colombia. Desde 1990, una serie de leyes introdujeron cambios drásticos en el comercio exterior, el mercado cambiario, el régimen de inversión, el mercado laboral, la seguridad social y la salud. Este artículo analiza los efectos iniciales sobre la eficiencia y la equidad de las reformas estructurales mencionadas. Aunque aún es prematuro plantear conclusiones definitivas, la evidencia preliminar resulta útil para otros países que estén implementando reformas similares. El artículo se divide en 5 capítulos. En el primero se discute el tema de la eficiencia basado en mediciones sobre la PTF en el sector manufacturero. El vínculo entre eficiencia y equidad se establece en el capítulo 3, en el cual se analizan las tendencias recientes del empleo y se estiman las elasticidades de sustitución entre el capital y los diferentes tipos de trabajo. En el capítulo 4 se analizan los aspectos de equidad mediante el análisis de coeficientes de Gini y diferenciales de salarios. Adicionalmente, otros indicadores muestran una reducción de la pobreza asociada al cambio de la política social hacia un sistema de subsidios a la demanda.”

Suggested Citation

  • Mauricio Cárdenas & Catalina Gutiérrez, 1996. "Impacto de las reformas estructurales sobre la eficiencia y la equidad: la experiencia colombiana en los noventa," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013553
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/2194
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Burnside, A. Craig & Eichenbaum, Martin S. & Rebelo, Sergio T., 1996. "Sectoral Solow residuals," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(3-5), pages 861-869, April.
    2. Sergio Clavijo, 1990. "Productividad laboral, multifactorial y la tasa de cambio real en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, vol. 9(17), pages 73-97, June.
    3. Ramon E. Lopez, 1980. "The Structure of Production and the Derived Demand for Inputs in Canadian Agriculture," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 62(1), pages 38-45.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Fedesarrollo, 1997. "¿Al fin qué ha pasado con la distribución del ingreso en Colombia?," Coyuntura Social 13117, Fedesarrollo.
    2. Eduardo Lora & Mauricio Olivera, 1998. "Macro Policy and Employment Problems in Latin America," Research Department Publications 4116, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    3. Leonardo Rhenals Rojas, 2005. "Costo de Uso del Capital en Colombia:1997 -2003," Macroeconomics 0502003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Rhenals M., Remberto & Castano, Elkin & López, Hugo, 2004. "La reforma laboral de 2002 y sus impactos: in medio stat virtus," Perfil de Coyuntura Económica, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informes de Investigación; Reforma Estructural; Crecimiento Económico; Empleo; Salarios; Coeficiente de Gini; Eficiencia; Equidad; Mercado Laboral; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • H21 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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