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The ‘carrot’ and the ‘stick’ to reduce coca plantations in Colombia: An empirical investigation

Author

Listed:
  • Hernán Borrero
  • Jairo Parada
Abstract
In Colombia, efforts to reduce coca cultivation include forced eradication (FE), interdiction, alternative development (AD), and a series of territorial transformations (TT). Whereas some of these policies have been assessed separately by the empirical literature, no attention has been paid to their possible complementarities. Following an economics of crime approach, we argue that people’s choice to grow coca depends on both the costs imposed by FE and interdiction, on the one hand, and the benefits arising from AD and TT, on the other. To test this, we collect data on the country’s 291 municipalities with net positive levels of coca cultivation from 2005 to 2015 and estimate a panel data regression model with fixed effects. The results suggest that, besides being complementary, these groups of policies also depend on each other to be effective.

Suggested Citation

  • Hernán Borrero & Jairo Parada, 2022. "The ‘carrot’ and the ‘stick’ to reduce coca plantations in Colombia: An empirical investigation," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, vol. 92(4), pages 141-167, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000090:020523
    as

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    File URL: https://revistas.uniandes.edu.co/doi/pdf/10.13043/DYS.92.4
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gary S. Becker, 1974. "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," NBER Chapters, in: Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment, pages 1-54, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Tabares Elizabeth & Ramón Rosales, 2005. "Políticas de control de oferta de coca: la zanahoria" y "el garrote""," Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad, Universidad de los Andes,Facultad de Economía, CEDE, May.
    3. Ibanez, Marcela & Martinsson, Peter, 2013. "Curbing coca cultivation in Colombia — A framed field experiment," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 1-10.
    4. Camacho, Adriana & Mejía, Daniel, 2017. "The health consequences of aerial spraying illicit crops: The case of Colombia," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 147-160.
    5. Moreno-Sanchez, Rocio & Kraybill, David S. & Thompson, Stanley R., 2003. "An Econometric Analysis of Coca Eradication Policy in Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 375-383, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    illicit crops; forced eradication; air-spraying; manual eradication; interdiction; alternative development; territorial transformations; Plan Colombia; Paz Colombia; Colombia.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • D74 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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