Mean-variance portfolio theory can apply to streams of payoffs such as dividends following an initial investment. This description is useful when returns are not independent over time and investors have nonmarketed income. Investors hedge their outside income streams. Then, their optimal payoff is split between an indexed perpetuity—the risk-free payoff—and a long-run mean-variance efficient payoff. “Long-run” moments sum over time as well as states of nature. In equilibrium, long-run expected returns vary with long-run market betas and outside-income betas. State-variable hedges do not appear."> Mean-variance portfolio theory can apply to streams of payoffs such as dividends following an initial investment. This description is useful when returns are not independent over time and investors have nonmarketed income. Investors hedge their outside income streams. Then, their optimal payoff is split between an indexed perpetuity—the risk-free payoff—and a long-run mean-variance efficient payoff. “Long-run” moments sum over time as well as states of nature. In equilibrium, long-run expected returns vary with long-run market betas and outside-income betas. State-variable hedges do not appear."> Mean-variance portfolio theory can apply to streams of payoffs such as dividends following an initial investment. This description is useful when returns are not independent ov">
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A Mean-Variance Benchmark for Intertemporal Portfolio Theory

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  • JOHN H. COCHRANE
Abstract
type="main"> Mean-variance portfolio theory can apply to streams of payoffs such as dividends following an initial investment. This description is useful when returns are not independent over time and investors have nonmarketed income. Investors hedge their outside income streams. Then, their optimal payoff is split between an indexed perpetuity—the risk-free payoff—and a long-run mean-variance efficient payoff. “Long-run” moments sum over time as well as states of nature. In equilibrium, long-run expected returns vary with long-run market betas and outside-income betas. State-variable hedges do not appear.

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  • John H. Cochrane, 2014. "A Mean-Variance Benchmark for Intertemporal Portfolio Theory," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(1), pages 1-49, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jfinan:v:69:y:2014:i:1:p:1-49
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    2. Tang, Edward Chi Ho & Leung, Charles Ka Yui, 2024. "Icing on the cake: Can the Top-Floor Units serve as a status good and an investment simultaneously?," MPRA Paper 121937, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Naomi Pandiangan & Sukono Sukono & Endang Soeryana Hasbullah, 2021. "Quadratic Investment Portfolio Based on Value-at-risk with Risk-Free Assets: For Stocks of the Mining and Energy Sector," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(4), pages 175-184.
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    5. John H Cochrane, 2022. "Portfolios for Long-Term Investors [Rare disasters and asset markets in the twentieth century]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 26(1), pages 1-42.
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    7. Kassimatis, Konstantinos, 2021. "Mean-variance versus utility maximization revisited: The case of constant relative risk aversion," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Shuo Cao & Richard K. Crump & Stefano Eusepi & Emanuel Moench, 2020. "Fundamental Disagreement about Monetary Policy and the Term Structure of Interest Rates," Staff Reports 934, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    9. Min Dai & Hanqing Jin & Steven Kou & Yuhong Xu, 2021. "A Dynamic Mean-Variance Analysis for Log Returns," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(2), pages 1093-1108, February.
    10. Kim Weston & Gordan Zitkovic, 2018. "An incomplete equilibrium with a stochastic annuity," Papers 1809.05947, arXiv.org.
    11. Esben Hedegaard & Robert J. Hodrick, 2014. "Measuring the Risk-Return Tradeoff with Time-Varying Conditional Covariances," NBER Working Papers 20245, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Zareei, Abalfazl, 2019. "Network origins of portfolio risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    13. Knut Anton Mork & Hanna Marisela Eap & Magnus Eskedal Haraldsen, 2020. "Portfolio Choice for a Resource-Based Sovereign Wealth Fund: An Analysis of Cash Flows," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-20, March.
    14. Ko, Hyungjin & Lee, Jaewook, 2024. "Can ChatGPT improve investment decisions? From a portfolio management perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    15. Kraft, Holger & Seiferling, Thomas & Seifried, Frank Thomas, 2016. "Optimal consumption and investment with Epstein-Zin recursive utility," SAFE Working Paper Series 52, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, revised 2016.
    16. Kim Weston & Gordan Žitković, 2020. "An incomplete equilibrium with a stochastic annuity," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 359-382, April.
    17. Saito Shizuki & Fukui Yoshitaka, 2019. "Whither the Concept of Income?," Accounting, Economics, and Law: A Convivium, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 1-16, March.
    18. Marko Volker Krause, 2018. "Effects of a capital gains tax on asset pricing," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 11(1), pages 115-148, February.
    19. Boubaker, Sabri & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Paltalidis, Nikos, 2017. "Assessing the effects of unconventional monetary policy and low interest rates on pension fund risk incentives," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 35-52.
    20. P. Zhukov E. & П. Жуков Е., 2018. "Разве стоимость компании действительно зависит от средневзвешенной стоимости капитала и свободного денежного потока? Свидетельства иррациональности в нефтегазовом секторе // Does Enterprise Value Real," Review of Business and Economics Studies // Review of Business and Economics Studies, Финансовый Университет // Financial University, vol. 6(1), pages 17-28.
    21. Simaan, Majeed & Simaan, Yusif & Tang, Yi, 2018. "Estimation error in mean returns and the mean-variance efficient frontier," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 109-124.
    22. Munk, Claus, 2020. "A mean-variance benchmark for household portfolios over the life cycle," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    23. Boubaker, Sabri & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Nguyen, Duc Khuong & Paltalidis, Nikos, 2015. "Assessing the effects of unconventional monetary policy on pension funds risk incentives," MPRA Paper 73398, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Aug 2016.
    24. Holger Kraft & Thomas Seiferling & Frank Thomas Seifried, 2017. "Optimal consumption and investment with Epstein–Zin recursive utility," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 187-226, January.
    25. Simone Cerreia Vioglio & Fabio Maccheroni & Massimo Marinacci, 2016. "Orthogonal Decompositions in Hilbert A-Modules," Working Papers 577, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University.

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    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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