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Is There Evidence to Support Porter-type Cluster Policies?

Author

Listed:
  • Frank Mcdonald
  • Qihai Huang
  • Dimitrios Tsagdis
  • Heinz Josef Tuselmann
Abstract
McDonald F., Huang Q., Tsagdis D. and Tuselmann H. J. (2007) Is there evidence to support Porter-type cluster policies?, Regional Studies 41, 39-49. The paper examines the views, often associated with Porter, that clusters with deep collaborative networks and established local supply chains have good performance. The view that good cluster performance is not connected to the industrial sector is also assessed. Data from a Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) study on UK clusters are used to assess the impact on performance (employment growth and international competitiveness) of cluster depth, the stage of development of local supply chains, and industrial sector. The results of the analysis of the DTI data on clusters do not provide strong support for Porter-type views on cluster policy. Although established clusters are linked to employment growth, deep clusters are not associated with employment growth or international competitiveness, and clusters in the services, and media, computer-related and biotechnology sectors are more likely than manufacturing clusters to have good performance. Some of the major policy implications of the results are discussed in the light of the literature on the importance of regional, national, and international networks for the performance of clusters. McDonald F., Huang Q., Tsagdis D. et Tuselmann H. J. (2007) Confirmer les politiques de regroupement du type Porter, Regional Studies 41, 39-49. Cet article cherche a examiner l'affirmation, souvent attribuee a Porter, que les regroupements fondes sur des reseaux de collaboration tres developpes et des chaines d'approvisionnement locales bien etablies ont de bons resultats. On evalue aussi l'affirmation que la bonne performance des regroupements ne s'explique pas par le secteur industriel en question. On emploie des donnees provenant d'une etude menee par le Department of Trade and Industry (DTI - le ministere de l'Industrie et du Commerce) aupres des regroupements au R-U afin d'evaluer l'impact sur la performance (la croissance de l'emploi et la competitivite internationale) de l'intensite des regroupements, de la phase de developpement des chaines d'approvisionnement, et du secteur industriel dont il s'agit. Les resultats de l'analyse des donnees DTI sur les regroupements ne viennent pas fortement a l'appui de l'affirmation du type Porter sur la politique en faveur des regroupements. Bien que les regroupements bien etablis soient lies a la croissance de l'emploi, les regroupements a forte intensite ne sont en correlation ni avec la croissance de l'emploi, ni avec la competitivite internationale. Il s'avere aussi que les regroupements dans le tertiaire, les media et les secteurs lies a l'informatique et a la biotechnologie, sont plus susceptibles d'avoir de bons resultats que ne le sont les regroupements industriels. On discute de quelques-unes des principales implications des resultats pour la politique a la lumiere de la documentation sur l'importance des reseaux regionaux, nationaux et internationaux pour la performance des regroupements. Politique en faveur des regroupements Caracteristiques des regroupements Performance des regroupements McDonald F., Huang Q., Tsagdis D. und Tuselmann H. J. (2007) Gibt es Belege, die fur Cluster-Politiken nach der Art von Porter sprechen?, Regional Studies 41, 39-49. In diesem Beitrag wird die oftmals Porter zugeschriebene These untersucht, dass sich Cluster mit hochgradig kooperativen Netzwerken und etablierten lokalen Lieferketten durch ein hohes Mass an Leistung auszeichnen. Ebenso wird die These untersucht, dass die hohe Leistung eines Clusters nicht mit dem industriellen Sektor verknupft ist. Anhand der Daten einer Studie des britischen Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) uber Cluster in Grossbritannien wird die Auswirkung der Cluster-Tiefe, des Entwicklungsstands der lokalen Lieferketten und des industriellen Sektors auf die Leistung (Anstieg des Beschaftigungsniveaus und internationale Wettbewerbsfahigkeit) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse der DTI-Daten uber Cluster liefern keine uberzeugenden Belege fur die Thesen nach Art Porters zur Cluster-Politik. Zwar besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen etablierten Clustern und Beschaftigungswachstum, aber keine Verbindung zwischen tiefen Clustern und Beschaftigungswachstum oder internationaler Wettbewerbsfahigkeit. Ausserdem ist hohe Leistung bei Clustern in den Sektoren des Dienstleistungswesens, der Medien sowie der Computer- und Biotechnologie wahrscheinlicher als bei Clustern des Produktionswesens. Die wichtigsten politischen Konsequenzen dieser Ergebnisse werden unter Berucksichtigung der Literatur uber die Bedeutung regionaler, nationaler und internationaler Netzwerke fur die Leistungsfahigkeit von Clustern erortert. Cluster-Politik Cluster-Eigenschaften Cluster-Leistung McDonald F., Huang Q., Tsagdis D. y Tuselmann H. J. (2007) ¿Existen pruebas que respalden las politicas de agrupaciones segun el concepto de Porter?, Regional Studies 41, 39-49. En este ensayo analizamos las opiniones, con frecuencia asociados a Porter, que defienden que las agrupaciones con redes profundamente colaboradoras y cadenas locales establecidas de suministro presentan un buen desempeno. Tambien valoramos el concepto de que el buen desempeno de una agrupacion no esta relacionado con el sector industrial. Utilizando datos de un estudio sobre agrupaciones en el Reino Unido, llevado a cabo por el Departamento de Comercio e Industria britanico (DTI), analizamos el impacto de la profundidad de las agrupaciones, la fase del desarrollo en las cadenas locales de suministros, y el sector industrial para el desempeno (crecimiento de empleo y competitividad internacional). Los resultados del analisis a partir de los datos del DTI sobre las agrupaciones no proporcionan un apoyo firme a las teorias de Porter sobre la politica de agrupaciones. Aunque se vinculan las agrupaciones establecidas al crecimiento de empleo, las agrupaciones de profundidad no se asocian al crecimiento de empleo ni a la competitividad internacional, y es mas probable que las agrupaciones en los servicios, los medios de comunicacion y los sectores de la informatica y la biotecnologia muestren un buen rendimiento que las agrupaciones manufactureras. Aqui analizamos algunas de las principales implicaciones politicas de los resultados teniendo en cuenta la literatura disponible en lo que respecta a la importancia de las redes regionales, nacionales e internacionales para el desempeno de las agrupaciones. Politica de las agrupaciones Caracteristicas de las agrupaciones Rendimiento de las agrupaciones

Suggested Citation

  • Frank Mcdonald & Qihai Huang & Dimitrios Tsagdis & Heinz Josef Tuselmann, 2007. "Is There Evidence to Support Porter-type Cluster Policies?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(1), pages 39-49.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:41:y:2007:i:1:p:39-49
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400601136284
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    1. Harald Bathelt & Andersand Malmberg & Peter Maskell, 2002. "Clusters and Knowledge Local Buzz, Global Pipelines and the Process of Knowledge Creation," DRUID Working Papers 02-12, DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies.
    2. Swann, G. M. Peter & Prevezer, Martha & Stout, David (ed.), 1998. "The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering: International Comparisons in Computing and Biotechnology," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198289593.
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    2. Reinhold Kosfeld & Timo Mitze, 2020. "The role of R&D-intensive clusters for regional competitiveness," MAGKS Papers on Economics 202001, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    3. Solène Chesnel & Jérémie Molho & Florian Raimbeau & Hélène Morteau & Dominique Sagot-Duvauroux, 2013. "Les clusters ou districts industriels du domaine culturel et médiatique : revue du savoir économique et questionnement," Working Papers hal-02502563, HAL.
    4. Carola Jungwirth & Daniel Grundgreif & Elisabeth Müller, 2010. "Governance-Regimes von regionalen Clustern–Ein Vergleich der Strategien staatlich und privat initiierter Cluster," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 62(62), pages 42-62, January.
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    7. Jappe-Heinze, Arlette & Baier, Elisabeth & Kroll, Henning, 2008. "Clusterpolitik: Kriterien für die Evaluation von regionalen Clusterinitiativen," Working Papers "Firms and Region" R3/2008, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
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    9. Matthias Firgo & Peter Mayerhofer, 2015. "Wissensintensive Unternehmensdienste, Wissens-Spillovers und regionales Wachstum. Teilprojekt 1: Wissens-Spillovers und regionale Entwicklung – Welche strukturpolitische Ausrichtung optimiert das Wach," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 58342.
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    14. Claire Champenois & Sabine Menu, 2012. "Guest Editorial," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 30(5), pages 761-765, October.
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