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Are Prosumer Households That Much Different? Evidence from Stated Residential Energy Consumption in Germany

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Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of residential energy prosuming on households’ energy consumption behavior with the objective to find evidence for a “prosumer rebound effect” on energy consumption. Prosuming is the partial self-consumption of distributed energy production. We hypothesize that prosumer households are systematically different from consumer households regarding their housing situation and socio-economic characteristics. We address sample selection bias by using a quasi-experimental technique called propensity score matching as our identification strategy. We employ data from a nationwide online survey among homeowners in Germany. While the data shows a correlation of lower energy consumption and prosumer households, we find no significant difference of energy consumption behavior between prosumers and non-prosumers when controlling for sample selection bias. Instead, the lower energy consumption of prosumer households is attributed to more energy-efficient technical equipment and thus to purchasing behavior. Our results show neither evidence for negative nor positive externalities of prosuming on residential energy consumption behavior and therefore we conclude that there is no need for additional governmental measures in the form of taxation or subsidies to address behavioral changes of energy prosuming.

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  • Oberst, Christian A. & Schmitz, Hendrik & Madlener, Reinhard, 2016. "Are Prosumer Households That Much Different? Evidence from Stated Residential Energy Consumption in Germany," FCN Working Papers 24/2016, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN), revised Mar 2018.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2016_024
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    8. Oberst, Christian & Harmsen - van Hout, Marjolein J. W., 2017. "Adoption and Cooperation Decisions in Sustainable Energy Infrastructure: Evidence from a Sequential Choice Experiment in Germany," FCN Working Papers 14/2017, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    9. Olivier Rebenaque, 2020. "An economic assessment of the residential PV self-consumption support under different network tariffs," Working Papers hal-02511136, HAL.
    10. Izabela Jonek-Kowalska, 2023. "Motives for the Use of Photovoltaic Installations in Poland against the Background of the Share of Solar Energy in the Structure of Energy Resources in the Developing Economies of Central and Eastern ," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-25, July.
    11. D'Adamo, Idiano & Gastaldi, Massimo & Morone, Piergiuseppe, 2022. "Solar collective self-consumption: Economic analysis of a policy mix," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
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    13. Liu, Diyi & Zou, Hongyang & Qiu, Yueming & Du, Huibin, 2024. "Consumer reaction to green subsidy phase-out in China: Evidence from the household photovoltaic industry," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    14. Sokołowski, Jakub, 2023. "Peer effects on photovoltaics (PV) adoption and air quality spillovers in Poland," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    15. Olivier Rebenaque, 2020. "An economic assessment of the residential PV self-consumption support under different network tariffs," Working Papers 2001, Chaire Economie du climat.
    16. Ye, Wei & Chaiyapa, Warathida, 2024. "Impact of governance on resilience in the energy transition. An analysis of China and Germany," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    17. Liu, Diyi & Qi, Suntong & Xu, Tiantong, 2023. "In the post-subsidy era: How to encourage mere consumers to become prosumers when subsidy reduced?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    18. Frondel, Manuel & Kaestner, Kathrin & Sommer, Stephan & Vance, Colin, 2021. "Photovoltaics and the Solar Rebound: Evidence for Germany," VfS Annual Conference 2021 (Virtual Conference): Climate Economics 242356, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    19. Corina Pelau & Carmen Acatrinei, 2019. "The Paradox of Energy Consumption Decrease in the Transition Period towards a Digital Society," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-16, April.
    20. Krzysztof Kosowski & Karol Tucki & Marian Piwowarski & Robert Stępień & Olga Orynycz & Wojciech Włodarski, 2019. "Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plants. Part B: Prosumer and Distributed Power Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-13, May.
    21. D'Adamo, Idiano & Mammetti, Marco & Ottaviani, Dario & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2023. "Photovoltaic systems and sustainable communities: New social models for ecological transition. The impact of incentive policies in profitability analyses," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1291-1304.
    22. Frondel, Manuel & Kaestner, Kathrin & Sommer, Stephan & Vance, Colin, 2022. "Photovoltaics and the solar rebound: Evidence for Germany," Ruhr Economic Papers 954, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    23. Csutora, Maria & Zsoka, Agnes & Harangozo, Gabor, 2021. "The Grounded Survey – An integrative mixed method for scrutinizing household energy behavior," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    24. Hansen, Anders Rhiger & Jacobsen, Mette Hove & Gram-Hanssen, Kirsten, 2022. "Characterizing the Danish energy prosumer: Who buys solar PV systems and why do they buy them?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Prosumer Households; Rebound; Propensity Score Matching; Residential Energy Consumption; Energy Efficiency; Renewable Energies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources

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