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The Lifetime Costs of Bad Health

Author

Listed:
  • De Nardi, Mariacristina
  • Pashchenko, Svetlana
  • Porapakkarm, Ponpoje
Abstract
What generates the observed differences in economic outcomes by health? How costly it is to be unhealthy? We show that health dynamics are largely driven by ex-ante fixed heterogeneity, or health types, even when controlling for one’s past health history. In fact, health types are the key driver of long spells of bad health. We incorporate these rich health dynamics in an estimated structural model and show that health types and their correlation with other fixed characteristics are important to account for the observed gap in economic outcomes by health. Monetary and welfare losses due to bad health over the life cycle are large, concentrated, and to a large extent due to factors pre-determined earlier in life. A large portion of the related monetary costs is due to income losses, especially for people of working age, while a substantial portion of the welfare losses arises because health affects life expectancy.

Suggested Citation

  • De Nardi, Mariacristina & Pashchenko, Svetlana & Porapakkarm, Ponpoje, 2022. "The Lifetime Costs of Bad Health," MPRA Paper 112492, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:112492
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    health; health insurance; medical spending; wealth-health gradient; life-cycle models;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality

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