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Do Choice Schools Break the Link Between Public Schools and Property Values? Evidence from House Prices in New York City

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  • Amy Ellen Schwartz
  • Ioan Voicu
  • Keren Mertens Horn
Abstract
While school choice has attracted much attention from policymakers and researchers, virtually all of the research has focused on the relationship between school choice and student academic performance. There is, in contrast, little work examining whether additional choice schools weaken the link between residential property values and locally zoned schools — despite the well accepted theoretical (and empirical) link between schools and housing. As school choice becomes more important in reforming urban school systems, and improving public schools is critical for attracting and retaining middle class families in urban neighborhoods, it is important to understand how increasing school choice shapes the long-term economic health and viability of the country's central cities. In this paper, we examine how choice schools affect house prices, particularly the link between the quality of locally zoned schools and surrounding housing values. Our study utilizes rich data on New York City public elementary schools geo-coded and matched to data on property sales for a fifteen-year period beginning in 1988. To identify the impact of a choice school on the capitalization of school quality into housing values first we incorporate a boundary discontinuity approach to compare the capitalization of zoned school quality into housing prices of buildings that are close to one another but in different elementary school attendance zones. We rely on smaller and smaller distances from the boundary to test the stability of our results. Second, we compare housing units that are within 3000ft of a choice school to housing units outside of these rings, which is traditionally considered the ‘walk zone’ around a school. Third, we take advantage of choice school openings to look at the capitalization rates before and after the choice school opens. We find that the proximity of alternative school choices does weaken the link between zoned schools and property values. The opening of a choice school
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  • Amy Ellen Schwartz & Ioan Voicu & Keren Mertens Horn, 2014. "Do Choice Schools Break the Link Between Public Schools and Property Values? Evidence from House Prices in New York City," Working Papers 2014_03, University of Massachusetts Boston, Economics Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:mab:wpaper:2014_03
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    Cited by:

    1. Huang, Bin & He, Xiaoyan & Xu, Lei & Zhu, Yu, 2020. "Elite school designation and housing prices-quasi-experimental evidence from Beijing, China✰," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    2. Oskari Harjunen & Mika Kortelainen & Tuukka Saarimaa, 2018. "Best Education Money Can Buy? Capitalization of School Quality in Finland," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 64(2), pages 150-175.
    3. Xuejuan Su & Huayi Yu, 2022. "Valuing elementary schools: evidence from public school acquisitions in Beijing," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 124(4), pages 1117-1141, October.
    4. Chung, Il Hwan, 2015. "School choice, housing prices, and residential sorting: Empirical evidence from inter-and intra-district choice," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 39-49.
    5. Andrew Bibler & Stephen B. Billings, 2020. "Win or Lose: Residential Sorting After a School Choice Lottery," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 102(3), pages 457-472, July.
    6. Eli Beracha & William G. Hardin, 2021. "The housing price premium associated with charter schools," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1267-1289, December.
    7. Huang, Bin & He, Xiaoyan & Xu, Lei & Zhu, Yu, 2020. "Elite School Designation and Housing Prices: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Beijing, China," IZA Discussion Papers 12897, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Yi Huang & Sandy Dall’erba, 2021. "Does Proximity to School Still Matter Once Access to Your Preferred School Zone Has Already Been Secured?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 548-577, May.
    9. Yuan, Feng & Wu, Jiawei & Wei, Yehua Dennis & Wang, Lei, 2018. "Policy change, amenity, and spatiotemporal dynamics of housing prices in Nanjing, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 225-236.
    10. DiSalvo, Richard W. & Yu, Jia H., 2023. "Housing Affordability and School Quality in the United States," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    11. Andrew Bibler & Stephen B. Billings & Stephen L. Ross, 2023. "Does School Choice Leave Behind Future Criminals?," Working papers 2023-02, University of Connecticut, Department of Economics.
    12. Su, Xuejuan & Yu, Huayi, 2019. "How Much are Good Schools Worth? Evidence from School Acquisitions in Beijing," Working Papers 2019-12, University of Alberta, Department of Economics.
    13. Andreyeva, Elena & Patrick, Carlianne, 2017. "Paying for priority in school choice: Capitalization effects of charter school admission zones," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 19-32.
    14. Ding, Kangzhe & Itoh, Ryo, 2023. "JUE Insight: The impact of the school admission restriction policy on the housing market in Shanghai," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    15. Ortega, Francesc & Taspinar, Süleyman, 2016. "Rising Sea Levels and Sinking Property Values: The Effects of Hurricane Sandy on New York's Housing Market," IZA Discussion Papers 10374, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    16. Ortega, Francesc & Taṣpınar, Süleyman, 2018. "Rising sea levels and sinking property values: Hurricane Sandy and New York’s housing market," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 81-100.
    17. Wati, Kala & Tranter, Paul J., 2015. "Spatial and socio-demographic determinants of South East Queensland students’ school cycling," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 23-36.
    18. Enwei Zhu & Stanislav Sobolevsky, 2018. "House Price Modeling with Digital Census," Papers 1809.03834, arXiv.org.
    19. Geoffrey K. Turnbull & Minrong Zheng, 2021. "A Meta‐Analysis of School Quality Capitalization in U.S. House Prices," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(4), pages 1120-1171, December.
    20. Xiao Tian & Jin Liu & Yong Liu, 2022. "How Does the Quality of Junior High Schools Affect Housing Prices? A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Admission Reform in Chengdu, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, September.
    21. Yuta Kuroda, 2022. "What does the disclosure of school quality information bring? The effect through the housing market," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(1), pages 125-149, January.
    22. Zhang, Jingke & Li, Huan & Lin, Jingxia & Zheng, Wei & Li, Heng & Chen, Zhigang, 2020. "Meta-analysis of the relationship between high quality basic education resources and housing prices," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    23. Ziming Liu & Jiayu Ye & Guangcheng Ren & Shuyi Feng, 2022. "The Effect of School Quality on House Prices: Evidence from Shanghai, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-14, October.

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