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The Effectiveness of Community-Based Development in Poverty Reduction: A Descriptive Analysis of a Women-Managed NGO in Rural Pakistan

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  • Khan, Hidayat Ullah
  • Kurosaki, Takashi
  • Miura, Ken
Abstract
To assess the targeting performance of community-based development activities and deduce the impact of such activities on poverty reduction, we implemented a survey of a non-governmental organization (NGO) in northwestern Pakistan. A distinct characteristic of this NGO is that it is managed mostly by women and its interventions are conducted through community-based organizations (COs), most of whose members are also female. This characteristic is rather unusual for a male-dominated society like Pakistan. Descriptive analyses of village, CO, and household level data shows that the NGO was able to target poorer villages. Villages with COs are characterized by lower adult literacy rates, lower availability of basic amenities, and higher susceptibility to natural disasters. With regard to household-level welfare indicators - such as consumption, women’s empowerment, children’s school enrolment, and the weight-for-age of infants - we found that the consumption levels of CO member households tended to be lower than that of households in non-CO villages. However, the difference between CO member households and non-member households in CO villages was insignificant, possibly owing to the mixing of the selection effect (i.e., poorer households are served by the NGO) and the causal effect of interventions on poverty reduction. On women’s empowerment and child schooling, CO member households tend to perform better than other households, suggesting the favorable impact of the interventions and/or the self-selection of such households vis-à-vis program participation.

Suggested Citation

  • Khan, Hidayat Ullah & Kurosaki, Takashi & Miura, Ken, 2011. "The Effectiveness of Community-Based Development in Poverty Reduction: A Descriptive Analysis of a Women-Managed NGO in Rural Pakistan," PRIMCED Discussion Paper Series 13, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    • Handle: RePEc:hit:primdp:13
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hans P. Binswanger-Mkhize & Jacomina P. De Regt & Stephen Spector, 2010. "Local and Community Driven Development : Moving to Scale in Theory and Practice," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 2418.
    2. Khwaja, Asim Ijaz, 2001. "Can Good Projects Succeed in Bad Communities? Collective Action in the Himalayas," Working Paper Series rwp01-043, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    3. Ghazala Mansuri, 2004. "Community-Based and -Driven Development: A Critical Review," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 19(1), pages 1-39.
    4. Dilip Mookherjee & Pranab K. Bardhan, 2000. "Capture and Governance at Local and National Levels," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(2), pages 135-139, May.
    5. Pranab Bardhan, 2002. "Decentralization of Governance and Development," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(4), pages 185-205, Fall.
    6. Takashi Kurosaki, 2005. "Determinants of Collective Action under Devolution Initiatives: The Case of Citizen Community Boards in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 44(3), pages 253-269.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hidayat Ullah Khan & Takashi Kurosaki, 2015. "Targeting Performance of Community-based Development Interventions- An Econometric Analysis of a Women-Focused and Women-Managed Non-Governmental Organisation in Rural Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 825-840.
    2. Kurosaki, Takashi & Khan, Hidayat Ullah, 2014. "Impact of Human Resource Development Training on Crop Damages by Wild Animals in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Rural Pakistan," PRIMCED Discussion Paper Series 59, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    3. Kurosaki, Takashi & Khan, Hidayat Ullah, 2013. "Household Vulnerability to Wild Animal Attacks in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Rural Pakistan," CEI Working Paper Series 2012-11, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    4. Kurosaki, Takashi & Khan, Hidayat Ullah, 2013. "Household Vulnerability to Wild Animal Attacks in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Rural Pakistan," PRIMCED Discussion Paper Series 37, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    5. Kurosaki, Takashi & Khan, Hidayat Ullah, 2014. "Community-Based Development and Aggregate Shocks in Developing Countries: The Experience of an NGO in Pakistan," PRIMCED Discussion Paper Series 54, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.

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