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Efficient Approximation of the Spatial Covariance Function for Large Datasets - Analysis of Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations

Author

Listed:
  • Patrick Vetter

    (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder))

  • Wolfgang Schmid

    (Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder))

  • Reimund Schwarze

    (Europa University Viadrina and Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ))

Abstract
Linear mixed effects models have been widely used in the spatial analysis of environmental processes. However, parameter estimation and spatial predictions involve the inversion and determinant of the n times n dimensional spatial covariance matrix of the data process, with n being the number of observations. Nowadays environmental variables are typically obtained through remote sensing and contain observations of the order of tens or hundreds of thousand on a single day, which quickly leads to bottlenecks in terms of computation speed and requirements in working memory. Therefore techniques for reducing the dimension of the problem are required. The present work analyzes approaches to approximate the spatial covariance function in a real dataset of remotely sensed carbon dioxide concentrations, obtained from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder of NASA's 'Aqua' satellite on the 1st of May 2009. In a cross-validation case study it is shown how fixed rank kriging, stationary covariance tapering and the full-scale approximation are able to notably speed up calculations. However the loss in predictive performance caused by the approximation strongly differs. The best results were obtained for the full-scale approximation, which was able to overcome the individual weaknesses of the fixed rank kriging and the covariance tapering.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Vetter & Wolfgang Schmid & Reimund Schwarze, 2013. "Efficient Approximation of the Spatial Covariance Function for Large Datasets - Analysis of Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations," Discussion Paper Series RECAP15 009, RECAP15, European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder).
    • Handle: RePEc:euv:dpaper:009
    as

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    File URL: https://www.europa-uni.de/de/forschung/institut/recap15/downloads/recap15_DP009.pdf
    File Function: First version, 2013
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kaufman, Cari G. & Schervish, Mark J. & Nychka, Douglas W., 2008. "Covariance Tapering for Likelihood-Based Estimation in Large Spatial Data Sets," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 103(484), pages 1545-1555.
    2. Noel Cressie & Gardar Johannesson, 2008. "Fixed rank kriging for very large spatial data sets," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 70(1), pages 209-226, February.
    3. Huiyan Sang & Jianhua Z. Huang, 2012. "A full scale approximation of covariance functions for large spatial data sets," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 74(1), pages 111-132, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Vetter & Wolfgang Schmid & Reimund Schwarze, 2016. "Spatio-temporal statistical assessment of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from satellite data," Discussion Paper Series RECAP15 24, RECAP15, European University Viadrina, Frankfurt (Oder).
    2. Patrick Vetter & Wolfgang Schmid & Reimund Schwarze, 2016. "Spatio-temporal statistical analysis of the carbon budget of the terrestrial ecosystem," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 25(1), pages 143-161, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    spatial covariance function; fixed rank kriging; covariance tapering; full-scale approximation; large spatial data sets; mid-tropospheric CO2; remote sensing; efficient approximation;
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