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The Economics of Missionary Expansion:Evidence from Africa and Implications for Development

Author

Listed:
  • Remi Jedwab

    (George Washington University, Department of Economics)

  • Felix Meier zu Selhausen

    (Wageningen University)

  • Alexander Moradi

    (Free University of Bolzano‐Bozen, Faculty of Economics and Management)

Abstract
How did Christianity expand in Africa to become the continent’s dominant religion? Using annual panel census data on Christian missions from 1751 to 1932 in Ghana, and pre-1924 data on missions for 43 sub-Saharan African countries, we estimate causal effects of malaria, railroads and cash crops on mission location. We find that missions were established in healthier, more accessible, and richer places before expanding to economically less developed places. We argue that the endogeneity of missionary expansion may have been underestimated, thus questioning the link between missions and economic development for Africa. We find the endogeneity problem exacerbated when mission data is sourced from Christian missionary atlases that disproportionately report a selection of prominent missions that were also established early.

Suggested Citation

  • Remi Jedwab & Felix Meier zu Selhausen & Alexander Moradi, 2021. "The Economics of Missionary Expansion:Evidence from Africa and Implications for Development," BEMPS - Bozen Economics & Management Paper Series BEMPS78, Faculty of Economics and Management at the Free University of Bozen.
    • Handle: RePEc:bzn:wpaper:bemps78
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economics of Religion; Religious Diffusion; Human Capital; Economic Persistence; Measurement; Historical Data; Atlases; Missions; Christianity; Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • N30 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - General, International, or Comparative

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