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Changing Gender Norms across Generations: Evidence from a Paternity Leave Reform

Author

Listed:
  • Lídia Farré
  • Cristina Felfe
  • Libertad González
  • Patrick Schneider
Abstract
Direct exposure to counter-stereotypical behaviors early in life has been put forward as a promising way to change gender norms across generations. We ask to which extent public policy designed to promote counter-stereotypical behavior among parents influences gender norms for their children. Specifically, we combine the national-level introduction of paternity leave in Spain with a unique, large-scale lab-in-the-field experiment conducted with children born around the policy change. We provide causal evidence that, at age 12, children whose fathers were eligible for paternity leave exhibit more egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles and are more supportive of mothers and fathers being equally engaged in the labor market and in the home. They also engage more in counter-stereotypical day-to-day behaviors and expect to deviate from the male-breadwinner model in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Lídia Farré & Cristina Felfe & Libertad González & Patrick Schneider, 2022. "Changing Gender Norms across Generations: Evidence from a Paternity Leave Reform," Working Papers 1310, Barcelona School of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:bge:wpaper:1310
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    Cited by:

    1. Avdic, Daniel & Karimi, Arizo & Sjögren, Anna & Sundberg, Elin, 2023. "Paternity leave and child outcomes," Working Paper Series 2023:25, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
    2. Ziegler, Lennart & Bamieh, Omar, 2023. "What Drives Paternity Leave: Financial Incentives or Flexibility?," IZA Discussion Papers 15890, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Danilo Cavapozzi & Marco Francesconi & Cheti Nicoletti, 2024. "Dividing Housework between Partners: Individual Preferences and Social Norms," CESifo Working Paper Series 11413, CESifo.
    4. Estefanía Galván & Cecilia Parada & Martina Querejeta & Soledad Salvador, 2024. "Gender Gaps and Family Leaves in Latin America," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 387-414, June.
    5. Enriqueta Aragonès, 2024. "Family Restrictions at Work," Working Papers 1429, Barcelona School of Economics.
    6. Elena Ashtari Tafti & Mimosa Distefano & Tetyana Surovtseva, 2024. "Gender, careers and peers' gender mix," CEP Discussion Papers dp2008, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    7. Martina Querejeta Rabosto & Estefanía Galván & Cecilia Parada & Soledad Salvador, 2021. "Gender Gaps and Family Policies in Latin America," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4509, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    8. Huebener, Mathias & Mahlbacher, Malin K. & Schmitz, Sophia, 2024. "Caring Dads? Universal Childcare, Paternity Leave and Fathers' Involvement," IZA Discussion Papers 17422, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    9. Boca Daniela del & Oggero Noemi & Profeta Paola & Rossi Maria Cristina, 2022. "The impact of COVID-19 on the gender division of housework and childcare: Evidence from two waves of the pandemic in Italy," IZA Journal of Labor Economics, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 11(1), pages 1-20, January.
    10. Lafuente, Cristina & Ruland, Astrid & Santaeulàlia-Llopis, Raül & Visschers, Ludo, 2023. "The effects of Covid-19 on couples’ job tenures: Mothers have it worse," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gender role attitudes; paternity leave; Social Norms;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J08 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - Labor Economics Policies
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy

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