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Evidence Of Farmer Forward Pricing Behavior

Author

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  • McNew, Kevin
  • Musser, Wesley N.
Abstract
The current agricultural marketing literature has considerable controversy about the optimal use of hedging for farmers. Much of this literature has very limited data on farmer behavior and an evaluation of the outcome of this behavior. This paper uses data from a hedging game from Maryland marketing clubs for 1994-1998. Hypotheses concerning the consistency of farmer behavior with the research literature on hedging are considered. Results indicate that farmers do not achieve price enhancement from hedging. However, their decisions do not conform to implications of optimal hedging models in a number of dimensions. This analysis provides further information to help bridge the gap between academic research and practical hedging.

Suggested Citation

  • McNew, Kevin & Musser, Wesley N., 2000. "Evidence Of Farmer Forward Pricing Behavior," Working Papers 28568, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:umdrwp:28568
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.28568
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fackler, Paul L. & McNew, Kevin, 1998. "Experimental Markets Using The Electronic Market Place (Emp)," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 30(1), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Robert J. Myers & Stanley R. Thompson, 1989. "Generalized Optimal Hedge Ratio Estimation," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 71(4), pages 858-868.
    3. Carl R. Zulauf & Scott H. Irwin, 1998. "Market Efficiency and Marketing to Enhance Income of Crop Producers," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 20(2), pages 308-331.
    4. Kandice H. Kahl, 1983. "Determination of the Recommended Hedging Ratio," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 65(3), pages 603-605.
    5. Brorsen, B. Wade & Irwin, Scott H., 1996. "Improving The Relevance Of Research On Price Forecasting And Marketing Strategies," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 25(1), pages 1-8, April.
    6. Barry K. Goodwin & Ted C. Schroeder, 1994. "Human Capital, Producer Education Programs, and the Adoption of Forward-Pricing Methods," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 76(4), pages 936-947.
    7. Robert N. Wisner & E. Neal Blue & E. Dean Baldwin, 1998. "Preharvest Marketing Strategies Increase Net Returns for Corn and Soybean Growers," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 20(2), pages 288-307.
    8. Black, Fischer, 1976. "The pricing of commodity contracts," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1-2), pages 167-179.
    9. Dwight Grant, 1985. "Theory of the Firm with Joint Price and Output Risk and a Forward Market," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 67(3), pages 630-635.
    10. George F. Patrick & Wesley N. Musser & David T. Eckman, 1998. "Forward Marketing Practices and Attitudes of Large-Scale Midwestern Grain Producers," Review of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 20(1), pages 38-53.
    11. Anderson, Kim B. & Mapp, Harry P., Jr., 1996. "Risk Management Programs In Extension," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 21(1), pages 1-8, July.
    12. Anne E. Peck, 1975. "Hedging and Income Stability: Concepts, Implications, and an Example," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 57(3), pages 410-419.
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    Cited by:

    1. Colino, Evelyn V. & Cabrini, Silvina M. & Aulerich, Nicole M. & Brandenberger, Tracy L. & Merrin, Robert P. & Shi, Wei & Irwin, Scott H. & Good, Darrel L. & Martines-Filho, Joao Gomes, 2006. "Advisory Service Marketing Profiles for Soybeans over 2002-2004," AgMAS Project Research Reports 37485, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics.
    2. Batts, Ryan M. & Brandenberger, Tracy L. & Irwin, Scott H. & Good, Darrel L., 2009. "Advisory Service Marketing Profiles for Soft Red Winter Wheat over 1995-2004," AgMAS Project Research Reports 183427, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics.
    3. Cunningham, Lewis T., III & Brorsen, B. Wade & Anderson, Kim B., 2004. "Explaining Differences In Prices Received By Farmers: Testing Theory Based On Actual Farmer Transactions," 2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO 20275, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    4. Batts, Ryan M. & Brandenberger, Tracy L. & Irwin, Scott H. & Good, Darrel L., 2009. "Advisory Service Marketing Profiles for Hard Red Winter Wheat over 1995-2004," AgMAS Project Research Reports 183428, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics.
    5. Oscar Vergara & Keith H. Coble & Thomas O. Knight & George F. Patrick & Alan E. Baquet, 2004. "Cotton producers' choice of marketing techniques," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(4), pages 465-479.
    6. Jordaan, Henry & Grove, Bennie, 2007. "Factors Affecting Maize Producers Adoption of Forward Pricing in Price Risk Management: The Case of Vaalharts," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 46(4), pages 1-18, December.
    7. Mofokeng, Maine & Vink, Nick, 2013. "Factors Affecting the Hedging Decision of Maize Farmers in Gauteng Province," 2013 Fourth International Conference, September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, Tunisia 161465, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    8. Jordaan, H. & Grové, B., 2007. "PR - Investigating Factors Affecting The Forward Pricing Behaviour Of Vaalharts Maize Producers: A Two-step Econometric Approach," 16th Congress, Cork, Ireland, July 15-20, 2007 345387, International Farm Management Association.
    9. Jordaan, Henry & Grove, Bennie, 2008. "Factors affecting the use of forward pricing methods in price risk management with special reference to the influence of risk aversion," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 47(1), pages 1-14, March.
    10. Klumpp, Joni M. & Brorsen, B. Wade & Anderson, Kim B., 2005. "The Impact of Marketing Strategy Information on the Producer's Selling Decision," 2005 Conference, April 18-19, 2005, St. Louis, Missouri 19036, NCR-134 Conference on Applied Commodity Price Analysis, Forecasting, and Market Risk Management.
    11. Colino, Evelyn V. & Cabrini, Silvina M. & Aulerich, Nicole M. & Brandenberger, Tracy L. & Merrin, Robert P. & Shi, Wei & Irwin, Scott H. & Good, Darrel L. & Martines-Filho, Joao Gomes, 2006. "Advisory Service Marketing Profiles for Corn over 2002-2004," AgMAS Project Research Reports 37484, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics.

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    Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing;

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