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Rischi e opportunità dell’integrazione commerciale cinese per la competitività internazionale dell'Italia

Author

Listed:
  • Alessia Amighini

    (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD))

  • Stefano Chiarlone

    (UniCredit Banca d'Impresa, Milano)

Abstract
Negli ultimi vent'anni, l'apertura commerciale delle economie dell'Asia orientale – con abbondanza relativa di lavoro - ha eroso il vantaggio comparato dei paesi a reddito medio-alto nei manufatti ad alta intensità di lavoro. Questo fenomeno ha colpito particolarmente l’Italia, notoriamente specializzata in produzioni intensive in lavoro e soggette alla competizione di prezzo dei paesi emergenti. Recentemente, l'adozione da parte della Cina di strategie di sviluppo più orientate all'esportazione ha accentuato le preoccupazioni sull’anomala specializzazione italiana e sulla sua difficoltà a competere sul terreno del prezzo con questi paesi. Infatti, la Cina tende ad essere fortemente specializzata negli stessi settori che caratterizzano il Made in Italy e ha fortemente accresciuto la sua quota sul commercio manifatturiero. Una comune risposta a queste preoccupazioni è quella secondo cui le merci italiane sono di qualità superiore a quelle cinesi. Questo lavoro ana lizza in dettaglio le importazioni dei paesi OCSE da Italia e Cina per testare questa ipotesi. L’articolo mostra che la specializzazione cinese, su questi mercati, è molto simile a quella italiana, ma anche che in molti casi non si verifica una effettiva sovrapposizione commerciale a livello di prodotto. Quando questo avviene la qualità delle importazioni dall’Italia è sensibilmente superiore. Tuttavia, il fatto che la sovrapposizione commerciale aumenti e la percentuale di flussi commerciali in cui i manufatti italiani hanno qualità superiore diminuisca, per l’aggregato manifatturiero e per molti settori, fra il 1991 e il 2001, suggerisce che l’aggressività della competizione cinese è crescente. Urge un aumento degli investimenti in qualità e innovazione – di prodotto e di reti distributive - per mantenere il vantaggio qualitativo nei confronti dei prodotti cinesi nei settori tradizionali. Inoltre, anche alla luce delle indicazioni che emergono da alcuni settori più avanzati, sarebbe auspicabile un riposizionamento del modello di specializzazione italiano verso comparti a più elevata componente di innovazione e ricerca.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessia Amighini & Stefano Chiarlone, 2003. "Rischi e opportunità dell’integrazione commerciale cinese per la competitività internazionale dell'Italia," KITeS Working Papers 149, KITeS, Centre for Knowledge, Internationalization and Technology Studies, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy, revised Nov 2003.
    • Handle: RePEc:cri:cespri:wp149
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Alessia Amighini, 2005. "China in the international fragmentation of production: Evidence from the ICT industry," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), vol. 2(2), pages 203-219, December.
    2. Ricotta, Fernanda & Mannarino, Lidia & Pupo, Valeria & Succurro, Marianna, 2008. "Export quality in the machinery sector: Some evidence from main competitors," MPRA Paper 12677, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Mannarino, Lidia & Pupo, Valeria & Ricotta, Fernanda & Succurro, Marianna, 2009. "International Specialisation and Quality Focus on the Machinery Sector," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 62(4), pages 439-468.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    commercio internazionale; esportazioni; specializzazione internazionale; competitività; Italia; Cina.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • P51 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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