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Working beyond the normal retirement age in urban China and urban Russia

Author

Listed:
  • Gustafsson Björn

    (Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden)

  • Nivorozhkina Ludmila

    (Department of Statistics, econometrics and risk assessment, Rostov State Economic University, 344 002 Rostov-on-Don, Russia)

  • Wan Haiyuan

    (Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China)

Abstract
The incidence of working for earnings beyond the normal pension age of 55 for females and 60 for males in urban China and Russia is investigated using micro-data for 2002, 2013, and 2018. Estimated logit models indicate that, in both countries, the probability of working after normal retirement age is positively related to living with a spouse only, being healthy, and having a higher education level. It is negatively associated with age, the scale of pension, and, in urban China, being female. We find that seniors in urban Russia are more likely to work for earnings than their counterparts in China. Two possible reasons that are attributable to this difference are ruled out, namely cross-country differences in health status and the age distribution among elderly people. We also demonstrate that working beyond the normal retirement age has a much stronger negative association with earnings in urban China than in urban Russia. This is consistent with the facts that the normal retirement age is strictly enforced in urban China and seniors attempting to work face intensive competition from younger migrant workers. We conclude that China can learn from Russia that it has a substantial potential for increasing employment among healthy people under 70.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustafsson Björn & Nivorozhkina Ludmila & Wan Haiyuan, 2021. "Working beyond the normal retirement age in urban China and urban Russia," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:vrs:izajdm:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:21:n:8
    DOI: 10.2478/izajodm-2021-0005
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    retirement; older people; employment; China; Russia; labor market;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J7 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination
    • P23 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population

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