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Bankenlandschaft Europa: Eigentum, Wettbewerb und Integration

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  • Hella Engerer
Abstract
There is substantial progress in the integration of European financial markets. However, integration does not mean, that disparities between national systems will totally disappear. Structural pecularities can survive dispite further harmonization. Here we focus on the European banking landscape. Integration indicators are presented and structural pecularities of national banking sectors are analyzed. In a next step, we focus on legal structures of the banking sectors in the enlarged Europe. From this perspective the variety of banking has even widened across Europe. However, the analysis does not unambiguously show, that private credit institutions work better than mutual credit institutions or public banks. Furthermore, there seems to be evidence that certain preconditions must be fulfilled before the success of privatization can materialize. In addition, it is important that all banks are operating under the same rules. Therefore, further integration of financial markets should keep in mind institutional aspects. Die Integration europäischer Finanzmärkte schreitet voran. Finanzmarktintegration bedeutet aber nicht, dass Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern vollständig beseitigt werden. Trotz einer gewissen Annäherung können strukturelle Spezifika auch künftig bestehen bleiben. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt die Entwicklung am Beispiel der europäischen Bankenlandschaft. Hierzu werden zunächst Integrationsmaße des Finanzsektors vorgestellt und strukturelle Besonderheiten von nationalen Bankensekoren aufgezeigt. Als Schwerpunkt werden dann die Eigentumsstrukturen im Bankensektor der erweiterten Europäischen Union beleuchtet. Es zeigt sich, dass aus dem Blickwinkel der Eigentumsformen die Vielfalt in der erweiterten Union eher zugenommen hat. Anhand der bislang vorliegenden Daten lässt sich dabei indes nicht zweifelsfrei ableiten, dass private Banken grundsätzlich eine bessere Performance aufweisen als genossenschaftliche oder öffentliche Banken. Grundsätzlich ist zu beachten, dass der Erfolg der Privatisierung von vormals öffentlichen Banken an bestimmte Voraussetzungen geknüpft ist. Wichtig erscheint darüber hinaus, dass Banken verschiedener Eigentumsformen unter den gleichen Spielregeln arbeiten sollten. Derartige institutionelle Spielregeln gilt es im weiteren Integrationsprozess zu beachten.

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  • Hella Engerer, 2005. "Bankenlandschaft Europa: Eigentum, Wettbewerb und Integration," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 74(4), pages 12-31.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:74-4-2
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.74.4.12
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hella Engerer, 2006. "Vom Dreisäulensystem zum Baustein des europäischen Hauses: Wandel von Eigentum und Wettbewerb im deutschen Bankensektor," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 75(4), pages 11-32.
    2. Stephan Paul & Laura Kästner, 2006. "Privatisierung und Bankperformance," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 75(4), pages 33-52.

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