Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/col/000443/018473.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru

Author

Listed:
  • Guillermo Boitano
  • Deybi Franco Abanto
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to identify the main determinants of financial inclusion in Peru at the department level (without Lima) from 2010 to 2017, aiming to analyze the challenges faced by financial inclusion policies. A twostage GMM method was used to estimate a panel data model where the endogenous variable is Sarma’s financial inclusion index (2008). The results indicate that bank concentration is the main variable affecting financial inclusion. At the same time, although the effect of technology is positive, it is diminishing over time due to the inefficient deployment of such technology and, in many cases, a lack of knowledge on how to use it, especially in the remote areas of Peru.

Suggested Citation

  • Guillermo Boitano & Deybi Franco Abanto, 2020. "Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 12(1), pages 89-117, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000443:018473
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://revfinypolecon.ucatolica.edu.co/article/view/3177
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pascaline Dupas & Dean Karlan & Jonathan Robinson & Diego Ubfal, 2018. "Banking the Unbanked? Evidence from Three Countries," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 10(2), pages 257-297, April.
    2. Alfred Hannig & Stefan Jansen, 2010. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability : Current Policy Issues," Finance Working Papers 23124, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    3. Chauvet, Lisa & Jacolin, Luc, 2017. "Financial Inclusion, Bank Concentration, and Firm Performance," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 1-13.
    4. Robin Burgess & Rohini Pande, 2005. "Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(3), pages 780-795, June.
    5. Jong-Hee Kim, 2016. "A Study on the Effect of Financial Inclusion on the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(2), pages 498-512, February.
    6. Ignacio Mas & Mireya Almazán, 2011. "Banking the Poor through Everyday Stores," Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, MIT Press, vol. 6(1), pages 119-128, January.
    7. Allen, Franklin & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Klapper, Leora & Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad, 2016. "The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 1-30.
    8. Léon, Florian & Zins, Alexandra, 2020. "Regional foreign banks and financial inclusion: Evidence from Africa," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 102-116.
    9. Peterson K. Ozili, 2018. "Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 18(4), pages 329-340, December.
    10. Julian SCHMIED & Ana MARR, 2016. "Financial Inclusion And Poverty: The Case Of Peru," Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 16(2), pages 29-40.
    11. Seng, Kimty, 2019. "The Poverty-Reducing Effects of Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Cambodia," MPRA Paper 95726, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 26 Aug 2019.
    12. Banerjee, Abhijit V & Newman, Andrew F, 1993. "Occupational Choice and the Process of Development," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(2), pages 274-298, April.
    13. Anzoategui, Diego & Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Martínez Pería, María Soledad, 2014. "Remittances and Financial Inclusion: Evidence from El Salvador," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 338-349.
    14. Xiuhua Wang & Jian Guan, 2017. "Financial inclusion: measurement, spatial effects and influencing factors," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(18), pages 1751-1762, April.
    15. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2018. "Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion and Stability," MPRA Paper 84771, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Nitin Kumar, 2013. "Financial inclusion and its determinants: evidence from India," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 5(1), pages 4-19, February.
    17. Mandira Sarma, 2008. "Index of Financial Inclusion," Finance Working Papers 22259, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    18. John P Wentzel & Krishna Sundar Diatha & Venkata Seshachal Sarma Yadavalli, 2016. "An investigation into factors impacting financial exclusion at the bottom of the pyramid in South Africa," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 203-214, March.
    19. Thorsten Beck & Asli Demirgüç-Kunt & Ross Levine, 2007. "Finance, inequality and the poor," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 27-49, March.
    20. Rizwan Mushtaq & Catherine Bruneau, 2019. "Microfinance, financial inclusion and ICT: Implications for poverty and inequality," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) hal-03452826, HAL.
    21. Rizwan Mushtaq & Catherine Bruneau, 2019. "Microfinance, financial inclusion and ICT: Implications for poverty and inequality," Post-Print hal-03452826, HAL.
    22. Josiah Aduda & Elizabeth Kalunda, 2012. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Sector Stability With Reference To Kenya: A Review of Literature," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 2(6), pages 1-8.
    23. Neaime, Simon & Gaysset, Isabelle, 2018. "Financial inclusion and stability in MENA: Evidence from poverty and inequality," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 230-237.
    24. Ann L. Owen & Javier M. Pereira, 2018. "Bank concentration, competition, and financial inclusion," Review of Development Finance Journal, Chartered Institute of Development Finance, vol. 8(1), pages 1-17.
    25. Badar Alam Iqbal & Shaista Sami, 2017. "Role of banks in financial inclusion in India," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 62(2), pages 32-33, Abril-Jun.
    26. Stiglitz, Joseph E & Weiss, Andrew, 1981. "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(3), pages 393-410, June.
    27. James F. Devlin, 2009. "An analysis of influences on total financial exclusion," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(8), pages 1021-1036, August.
    28. Sinja Buri & Robert Cull & Xavier Giné & Sven Harten & Soren Heitmann, 2024. "Banking with Agents: Experimental Evidence from Senegal," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 72(3), pages 1357-1389.
    29. Ardic, Oya Pinar & Heimann, Maximilien & Mylenko, Nataliya, 2011. "Access to financial services and the financial inclusion agenda around the world : a cross-country analysis with a new data set," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5537, The World Bank.
    30. Mandira Sarma, 2008. "Index of Financial Inclusion," Working Papers id:1575, eSocialSciences.
    31. Cyn-Young Park & Rogelio Mercado, 2018. "Financial Inclusion, Poverty, And Income Inequality," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 63(01), pages 185-206, March.
    32. Santiago Fernandez de Lis & Maria Claudia Llanes & Carlos Lopez-Moctezuma & David Tuesta, 2014. "Inclusion financiera y el papel de la banca movil en Colombia. Desarrollos y potencialidades," Working Papers 1401, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.
    33. Mandira Sarma, "undated". "Index of Financial Inclusion," Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi Working Papers 215, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi, India.
    34. Nitin Kumar, 2013. "Financial inclusion and its determinants: evidence from India," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 5(1), pages 4-19, April.
    35. Godfrey Akileng & Gillian Mercy Lawino & Eric Nzibonera, 2018. "Evaluation of determinants of financial inclusion in Uganda," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 8(4), pages 1-4.
    36. Abhijit Banerjee & Emily Breza & Esther Duflo & Cynthia Kinnan, 2019. "Can Microfinance Unlock a Poverty Trap for Some Entrepreneurs?," NBER Working Papers 26346, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    37. Kabakova, Oksana & Plaksenkov, Evgeny, 2018. "Analysis of factors affecting financial inclusion: Ecosystem view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 198-205.
    38. Mushtaq, Rizwan & Bruneau, Catherine, 2019. "Microfinance, financial inclusion and ICT: Implications for poverty and inequality," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    39. Meenakshi Rajeev & B. P. Vani, 2017. "Financial Access of the Urban Poor in India," SpringerBriefs in Economics, Springer, number 978-81-322-3712-9, April.
    40. Izabela Karpowicz, 2016. "Financial Inclusion, Growth and Inequality: A Model Application to Colombia," Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(6), pages 68-89, June.
    41. Dipasha Sharma, 2016. "Nexus between financial inclusion and economic growth," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 8(1), pages 13-36, April.
    42. Barbu Bogdan POPESCU & Lavinia Stefania TOTAN, 2013. "Econometric Modeling Of Banking Exclusion," Romanian Statistical Review, Romanian Statistical Review, vol. 61(3), pages 50-54, April.
    43. Klein, Michael & Mayer, Colin, 2011. "Mobile banking and financial inclusion : the regulatory lessons," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5664, The World Bank.
    44. Hannig, Alfred & Jansen, Stefan, 2010. "Financial Inclusion and Financial Stability: Current Policy Issues," ADBI Working Papers 259, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Afonso, António & Blanco-Arana, M. Carmen, 2024. "Does financial inclusion enhance per capita income in the least developed countries?," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    2. Bas Louman & Erica Di Girolami & Seth Shames & Luis Gomes Primo & Vincent Gitz & Sara J. Scherr & Alexandre Meybeck & Michael Brady, 2022. "Access to Landscape Finance for Small-Scale Producers and Local Communities: A Literature Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-26, August.
    3. Rocío Maehara & Luis Benites & Alvaro Talavera & Alejandro Aybar-Flores & Miguel Muñoz, 2024. "Predicting Financial Inclusion in Peru: Application of Machine Learning Algorithms," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-25, January.
    4. Lisana Belen Martinez & María Belén Guercio & Sofía Orazi & Hernán Vigier, 2022. "Instrumentos financieros claves para la inclusión financiera en América Latina," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 14(1), pages 17-47, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shahid Manzoor Shah & Amjad Ali, 2022. "A Survey on Financial Inclusion: Theoretical and Empirical Literature Review," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 310-330, December.
    2. Shruti Malik & Girish Chandra Maheshwari & Archana Singh, 2019. "Understanding Financial Inclusion in India: A Theoretical Framework Building Through SAP–LAP and Efficient IRP," Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Springer;Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 20(2), pages 117-140, June.
    3. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Financial inclusion research around the world: a review," MPRA Paper 101809, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Murshed, Muntasir & Ahmed, Rizwan & Al-Tal, Raad Mahmoud & Kumpamool, Chamaiporn & Vetchagool, Witchulada & Avarado, Rafael, 2023. "Determinants of financial inclusion in South Asia: The moderating and mediating roles of internal conflict settlement," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Weidong Chen & Xiaohui Yuan, 2021. "Financial inclusion in China: an overview," Frontiers of Business Research in China, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 1-21, December.
    6. Amit Pandey & Ravi Kiran & Rakesh Kumar Sharma, 2023. "Investigating the Determinants of Financial Inclusion in BRICS Economies: Panel Data Analysis Using Fixed-Effect and Cross-Section Random Effect," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    7. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of financial inclusion on financial stability: evidence from ssa countries," MPRA Paper 120238, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Bao Zhu & Shiting Zhai & Jing He, 2018. "Is the Development of China’s Financial Inclusion Sustainable? Evidence from a Perspective of Balance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Eduardo Polloni-Silva & Naijela da Costa & Herick Fernando Moralles & Mario Sacomano Neto, 2021. "Does Financial Inclusion Diminish Poverty and Inequality? A Panel Data Analysis for Latin American Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(3), pages 889-925, December.
    10. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Optimal financial inclusion," MPRA Paper 101808, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Shreya Pal & Indranil Bandyopadhyay, 2022. "Impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, financial development, financial efficiency, financial stability, and profitability: an international evidence," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-29, September.
    12. Federico, Domenica & Grazioli, Riccardo & Milioli, Maria Adele & Notte, Antonella & Poletti, Lucia, 2021. "Financial and social inclusion in Europe," EIF Working Paper Series 2021/72, European Investment Fund (EIF).
    13. Gallego-Losada, María-Jesús & Montero-Navarro, Antonio & García-Abajo, Elisa & Gallego-Losada, Rocío, 2023. "Digital financial inclusion. Visualizing the academic literature," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    14. Yussif Issaka Jajah & Ebenezer B. Anarfo & Felix K. Aveh, 2022. "Financial inclusion and bank profitability in Sub‐Saharan Africa," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 32-44, January.
    15. Xuanming Ji & Kun Wang & He Xu & Muchen Li, 2021. "Has Digital Financial Inclusion Narrowed the Urban-Rural Income Gap: The Role of Entrepreneurship in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-18, July.
    16. Simontinti Das & Amrita Chatterjee, 2021. "Role of ICT Dissemination and Digital Finance in Poverty Eradication and Income Inequality Reduction: A Sub-national Level Study from India," Working Papers 2021-210, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India.
    17. Zhao, Yang & Goodell, John W. & Dong, Qingli & Wang, Yong & Abedin, Mohammad Zoynul, 2022. "Overcoming spatial stratification of fintech inclusion: Inferences from across Chinese provinces to guide policy makers," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    18. Helena Susana Amaral Geraldes & Ana Paula Matias Gama & Mário Augusto, 2022. "Reaching Financial Inclusion: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(2), pages 599-617, July.
    19. US Thathsarani & Jianguo Wei & GRSRC Samaraweera, 2021. "Financial Inclusion’s Role in Economic Growth and Human Capital in South Asia: An Econometric Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    20. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chen, Pei-Fen & Chu, Pin-Jie, 2023. "Green recovery through financial inclusion of mobile payment: A study of low- and middle-income Asian countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 729-747.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial inclusion; poverty; financial education; financial exclusion; bank concentration.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G53 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Financial Literacy
    • P36 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions - - - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:col:000443:018473. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Universidad Católica de Colombia (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/feuccco.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.