Papers in Scientific Journal by Lisandra Franco de Mendonça
Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, Aug 8, 2022
This paper addresses the urbanization, urbanism and urbanity in contemporary Maputo, with an emph... more This paper addresses the urbanization, urbanism and urbanity in contemporary Maputo, with an emphasis on built heritage issues. The research aimed to provide background for understanding the socio-urban development of the so-called cidade de cimento (produced for the settler population during the colonial period according to European standards), in order to reflect on its changing topographies, as well on the loss of heritage produced by Portuguese colonialism. The article draws on fieldwork and archival research conducted in recent years, arguing that Maputo’s locally dubbed cidade de cimento presents neglected potential for negotiating and building (trans)national identity and memory, as well as sustainable economic alternatives (in areas like tourism and heritage conservation). Therefore, the text contributes to a realization of the fragile condition of modern heritage inherited by post-colonial societies, specially in cities where strong real estate speculation, limited state capacity and fast urbanization are dominant aspects of the urban condition.
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urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 2021
A história nacional, do período colonial, celebrada nos memoriais da cidade de Lourenço Marques (... more A história nacional, do período colonial, celebrada nos memoriais da cidade de Lourenço Marques (renomeada Maputo em 1976), recaía nos triunfos da Ocupação e dos seus heróis, no esforço de Guerra, nos feitos extraordinários, elementos comuns à maioria das histórias nacionais e aos vários projetos imperiais das potências europeias ao longo do século XX. O que foi nessa altura símbolo das conquistas do país colonizador tornou-se uma herança problemática na véspera da Independência. A ressemantização do espaço público e a omissão de muito desse espólio, que abrange edifícios, pedaços de cidade e vivências urbanas, tornaram evidente a transferência de poder e um novo projeto político-cultural que procurava contrastar heranças do colonialismo. O texto descreve sucintamente a construção de memoriais e a eleição dos monumentos (da colonização) em Moçambique durante a primeira década do Estado Novo português (1933-1974), de forma a refletir sobre a interpretação e validação contemporâneas desse patrimônio em Moçambique. A pesquisa desenrolada em 2014 e 2019 sobre estudos urbanísticos, projetos de restauro de monumentos e legislação do patrimônio de Moçambique das primeiras décadas do século XX, permite estabelecer paralelismos com outras experiências coloniais e, de forma mais significativa, com a discussão atual sobre a conservação de patrimônios “dissonantes”.
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Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP, Dec 19, 2019
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Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP, 2018
O antigo Palazzo delle Terme é composto por duas alas distintas unidas por um volume suspenso ond... more O antigo Palazzo delle Terme é composto por duas alas distintas unidas por um volume suspenso onde se encontra uma piscina coberta, a chamada Piscina Pensile. A piscina está sujeita a condições ambientais artificiais extremas: os valores da humidade relativa no compartimento estão diretamente relacionados com a temperatura da água, o aquecimento do ar e a falta de mecanismos apropriados de ventilação. Essas características dão origem a fenómenos de condensação nas superfícies expostas e à formação de bolor. A condensação contém vestígios de cloro e por isso é particularmente corrosiva e capaz de minar a resistência da estrutura, bem como as instalações técnicas necessárias ao tratamento do ar e da água. Esta pesquisa desenrolou-se em diversos arquivos em Roma, onde foi possível consultar o projeto de arquitetura, descrições técnicas da obra e levantamentos fotográficos. Simultaneamente foi feito o levantamento arquitetônico e, sucessivamente, de patologias na construção. A pesquisa permitiu a discussão de temas pertinentes ao restauro de um edifício moderno classificado em funcionamento e com uma grande carga de instalações técnicas e gastos energéticos.
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Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP, 2018
Este artigo põe o enfoque em alguns aspetos da implantação do “Projecto de Ampliação da Cidade de... more Este artigo põe o enfoque em alguns aspetos da implantação do “Projecto de Ampliação da Cidade de Lourenço Marques” em Moçambique, levada a efeito a partir de 1887, inserido no contexto da transição da vila a cidade (1887) e a capital da colónia (1898). A pesquisa permitiu sobretudo concluir sobre as dificuldades técnicas, materiais e de recursos humanos encontradas pelas Obras Públicas no pequeno assentamento urbano de Lourenço Marques ao longo do último quartel do século XIX, em claro contraste com a ambição do seu projeto de ampliação. A pesquisa teve por base relatórios das Obras Públicas de Moçambique ao Ministério da Marinha e Ultramar (Portugal), correspondência dos diretores de Obras Públicas de Lourenço Marques das duas últimas décadas do século XIX e primeira do século XX, cartografia e coleções iconografias desse período presentes no Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino — AHU (Portugal), no Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique — AHM, na Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa — SGL e no Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento do Habitat — CEDH da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Planeamento Físico — FAPF da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane — UEM.
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Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP, 2018
This paper focuses on some aspects of the implementation of the “Enlargement Project of the Cit... more This paper focuses on some aspects of the implementation of the “Enlargement Project of the City of Lourenço Marques” (Port. Projecto de Ampliação da Cidade de Lourenço Marques), in Mozambique, carried out from 1887 onwards and set in the context of the village’s transition to city (1887) and capital of the colony (1898). Above all, the research allowed us to draw conclusions on the technical difficulties and lack of material and human resources encountered by the Public Works Administration of Lourenço Marques during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, in contrast to the ambition of the city’s enlargement project. This research was based on reports made by the Public Works Office of Mozambique to the Portuguese Ministry of the Navy and Overseas Territories and correspondence of the directors of the Public Works Administration of Lourenço Marques written during the last two decades of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century, as well as cartography and iconographic collections of this period found in the Overseas Territories Historical Archives (Port. Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino — AHU) in Lisbon, in the Historical Archives of Mozambique (Port. Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique — AHM), in the Society of Geography of Lisbon —SGL, and in the Centre for Research and Development of Habitat (Port. Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento do Habitat — CEDH), of the Faculty of Architecture and Physical Planning (Port. Faculdade de Arquitetura e Planeamento Físico — FAPF) of the Eduardo Mondlane University (Port. Universidade Eduardo Mondlane — EMU).
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Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP, 2017
Passados quarenta anos desde a Independência de Moçambique (25 de junho de 1975), as dificuldades... more Passados quarenta anos desde a Independência de Moçambique (25 de junho de 1975), as dificuldades na tutela e reabilitação do patrimônio edificado são evidentes. Os ajustamentos estruturais resultantes de mudanças doutrinárias contrastantes, expressas na adoção de reformas econômicas específicas, acrescidas de uma longa guerra civil (1976-1992), contribuíram para que se agravasse a degradação progressiva dos núcleos urbanos e dos serviços. Este texto foca-se no patrimônio edificado da cidade de Maputo, com o objetivo de aprofundar o conhecimento da arquitetura e dos ambientes urbanos do século XX e das particularidades inerentes à conservação do patrimônio moderno associado ao contexto colonial. A dificuldade deste exercício prende-se sobremaneira com questões relacionadas com especificidades da própria “modernidade”: o reconhecimento e a tutela, a perda de funcionalidade e a adaptação a novas funções, a deterioração dos materiais de construção e das infraestruturas, as alterações na envolvente, a manutenção corrente e, principalmente, pelo fato de essas estruturas espaciais e conceptuais terem sido desenvolvidas para um referencial cultural, social e econômico distinto, alheio à sua condição contemporânea
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Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo da FAUUSP, 2017
Forty years after the Independence of Mozambique from Portugal (June 25th 1975), the difficulties... more Forty years after the Independence of Mozambique from Portugal (June 25th 1975), the difficulties in assessing and rehabilitating the modern architectural heritage of colonial origin are evident. The structural adjustment programs, a consequence of contrasting doctrinal changes and expressed in the adoption of specific economic reforms, together with a prolonged civil war (1974-1992), have contributed to the progressive degradation of the historic urban centres and their services. This essay focuses on the built heritage of Maputo, and aims to deepen the knowledge of 20th century architecture and urban ambiences and of the particularities involved in the conservation of architectural heritage associated with the post-colonial context. The difficulty of this task is related to the specificities of “modernity” itself: the recognition of this patrimony and its tutelage, its routine maintenance, the deterioration of materials and infrastructures, the loss of functionality and adaptation to new functions, the changes in the surrounding areas and the fact that these spatial and conceptual spaces were developed within a distinct social, economical and cultural framework, extraneous to their contemporary condition.
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Cabo dos Trabalhos, 2016
Resumo O restauro do património edificado, na Europa ocidental, evoluiu de um entendimento inicia... more Resumo O restauro do património edificado, na Europa ocidental, evoluiu de um entendimento inicial agarrado à marca da reconstrução estilística e ao da conservação a qualquer custo, para políticas de tutela e estratégias de gestão patrimonial que implicam um julgamento equilibrado de diversos valores e recursos. Este texto pretende explorar aspetos históricos e conceptuais do restauro e do aparecimento e desenvolvimento da tutela do património tal como a entendemos hoje, percorrendo vários contributos teóricos, de forma a delinear variações significativas do suporte teórico e das metodologias de intervenção correlacionadas. O formato do texto impõe uma escolha limitada de atores e textos, forçosamente arbitrária. Palavras-chave: história do restauro; teoria do restauro; conservação do património em contexto europeu; património edificado. Nota: Todas as traduções das citações para português são da responsabilidade da autora.
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História. Revista da FLUP, 2014
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Section in Edited Book by Lisandra Franco de Mendonça
Visual Redress in Africa from Indigenous and New Materialist Perspectives, 2023
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Architectures of Colonialism: Constructed Histories, Conflicting Memories, 2023
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Conservation of Architectural Heritage (CAH ), 2022
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Realtà dell’Architettura fra materia e immagine. Per Giovanni Carbonara: Studi e Ricerche, edited by Daniela Esposito and Valeria Montanari, «Quaderni dell'Istituto di Storia dell’Architettura», 2021
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Oficinas de Muhipiti: Planeamento Estratégico, Património, Desenvolvimento, 2018
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Preserving transcultural heritage: your way or my way? Questions on authenticity, identity and patrimonial proceedings in the safeguarding of architectural heritage created in the meeting of cultures, Jul 2017
ABSTRACT: Forty years after Mozambique's Independence from Portugal (25th of June 1975), the diff... more ABSTRACT: Forty years after Mozambique's Independence from Portugal (25th of June 1975), the difficulties in assessing and rehabilitating the modern architectural heritage of colonial origin (which represents the bulk of the edification within the limits of the so-called “city of cement”) are evident. This text focuses on the modern heritage of Maputo (from the late nineteenth century to 1975) and is interested in deepening the knowledge of twentieth century architecture and the particularities (ideological, technical, and material) involved in the conservation of architectural heritage associated with the postcolonial context.
KEYWORDS: Downtown Maputo; heritage conservation in a postcolonial context; cultural heritage of Portuguese influence; architectural and urban conservation; Mozambique
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The Importance of Place. Values and Building Practices in the Historic Urban Landscape, edited by Amir Pašić, Borut Juvanec and José Luis Moro, 225-238. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016
Abstract | This essay focuses on the material heritage of the final
period of Portuguese sovereig... more Abstract | This essay focuses on the material heritage of the final
period of Portuguese sovereignty in Mozambique (from the late nineteenth
century to 1975) and is interested in deepening the knowledge of twentieth
century architecture and of the particularities (ideological, technical, and
material) involved in the conservation of architectural heritage and
associated with the modern post-colonial context. The difficulties relate
greatly to functionality, materials, the replacement of infrastructures, the
urban surroundings, its maintenance, and patina, as well as the recognition
of this recent heritage, and its protection by an official tutelage. Studies,
the aging buildings, and the relationship between such different cultures
(colonial and post-colonial) bring new challenges and discussion of issues
that deserve consideration: 1) their "lifetime" proximity to our own epoch
affects the (historical) distance required for properly interpreting and
evaluating their significance; 2) we do not have accumulated knowledge or
technical expertise to handle all the variety of Modern Architecture,
considering that we are not interested in mastering only the technology, as
the authenticity covers also the intention of the project and the created
space, and the materials alone do not define architecture; and 3) the
western notion of heritage has not found acknowledgment in areas of non-
European roots, especially when related with colonial experiences.
Keywords| modern architecture, conservation, cultural heritages of
Portuguese influence, Mozambique, conservation in post-colonial context
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Pittura a Sutri dal Medioevo al Novecento, 2002
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Conference Proceedings by Lisandra Franco de Mendonça
Heritage 2020 – Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development (Green Lines Bookseries on Heritage Studies, Vol. 1), 2020
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Papers in Scientific Journal by Lisandra Franco de Mendonça
Section in Edited Book by Lisandra Franco de Mendonça
KEYWORDS: Downtown Maputo; heritage conservation in a postcolonial context; cultural heritage of Portuguese influence; architectural and urban conservation; Mozambique
period of Portuguese sovereignty in Mozambique (from the late nineteenth
century to 1975) and is interested in deepening the knowledge of twentieth
century architecture and of the particularities (ideological, technical, and
material) involved in the conservation of architectural heritage and
associated with the modern post-colonial context. The difficulties relate
greatly to functionality, materials, the replacement of infrastructures, the
urban surroundings, its maintenance, and patina, as well as the recognition
of this recent heritage, and its protection by an official tutelage. Studies,
the aging buildings, and the relationship between such different cultures
(colonial and post-colonial) bring new challenges and discussion of issues
that deserve consideration: 1) their "lifetime" proximity to our own epoch
affects the (historical) distance required for properly interpreting and
evaluating their significance; 2) we do not have accumulated knowledge or
technical expertise to handle all the variety of Modern Architecture,
considering that we are not interested in mastering only the technology, as
the authenticity covers also the intention of the project and the created
space, and the materials alone do not define architecture; and 3) the
western notion of heritage has not found acknowledgment in areas of non-
European roots, especially when related with colonial experiences.
Keywords| modern architecture, conservation, cultural heritages of
Portuguese influence, Mozambique, conservation in post-colonial context
Conference Proceedings by Lisandra Franco de Mendonça
KEYWORDS: Downtown Maputo; heritage conservation in a postcolonial context; cultural heritage of Portuguese influence; architectural and urban conservation; Mozambique
period of Portuguese sovereignty in Mozambique (from the late nineteenth
century to 1975) and is interested in deepening the knowledge of twentieth
century architecture and of the particularities (ideological, technical, and
material) involved in the conservation of architectural heritage and
associated with the modern post-colonial context. The difficulties relate
greatly to functionality, materials, the replacement of infrastructures, the
urban surroundings, its maintenance, and patina, as well as the recognition
of this recent heritage, and its protection by an official tutelage. Studies,
the aging buildings, and the relationship between such different cultures
(colonial and post-colonial) bring new challenges and discussion of issues
that deserve consideration: 1) their "lifetime" proximity to our own epoch
affects the (historical) distance required for properly interpreting and
evaluating their significance; 2) we do not have accumulated knowledge or
technical expertise to handle all the variety of Modern Architecture,
considering that we are not interested in mastering only the technology, as
the authenticity covers also the intention of the project and the created
space, and the materials alone do not define architecture; and 3) the
western notion of heritage has not found acknowledgment in areas of non-
European roots, especially when related with colonial experiences.
Keywords| modern architecture, conservation, cultural heritages of
Portuguese influence, Mozambique, conservation in post-colonial context
Palavras-chave: Baixa de Maputo; Património; Conservação do património edificado em contexto pós-colonial; Moçambique.
Abstract: Throughout the 1980s, the state apparatus of the People's Republic of Mozambique was provided with specialized bodies that acted in the discussion, management and creation of legislation for the safeguarding of the national cultural heritage. In this context, there was a proposal for the delimitation of the first urban protected area of Maputo, which covers the old downtown. This text focuses on that proposal formalized in the " Estudo da Valorização Urbanística da Baixa de Maputo" , from 1984. That pioneering research has become a reference for the subsequent studies of the built heritage of the city, which gained momentum from the end of the 2000s.
This research allowed a thorough survey of the architectural object's construction pathologies and the discussion of various issues associated with a modern building, in real need of appropriate conservation actions, but still functional.
heritage of the so called 'city of cement' of Beira, tends to identify
that 'contact zone', during the colonial period, as a place of
importation of a so-called 'Eurocentric' urbanism and urbanity.
Understanding and evaluating the character, meaning, and
relevance of colonial urban heritage implies, first and foremost, the
study and analysis of colonial and postcolonial society: architecture
and urbanism are inextricably linked to the needs, demands and
possibilities of these societies. In the specific case of the city of
Beira, the various constructive phases of modernist and modern
architecture were sequential or concomitant with urbanization
plans and corresponded to specific periods in which social,
economic and administrative changes occurred practically in
parallel.
The postcolonial appropriation mechanism led to a natural process
of 'refunctionalisation' and to the abandonment of many urban
infrastructures (developed for a particular cultural, social and
economic ambience, which find hard adequacy in the
contemporaneous condition). The densification of the 'informal'
occupation of the urbanized areas was accompanied by ruptures in
the urban customs, or in other words, by the 'ruralisation' of the
city. The physical aspects of the city reflect the social and cultural
agency of intricate urban and rural livelihoods and the urbanity of
its residents.
The analysis was conducted by the author during her PhD field
research and tended to interrogate Beira' extraordinary
architectures and urban space as the embodiment of colonial
constructions in order to unveil the postcolonial condition of its
material heritage.
Keywords: Beira, Mozambique, colonial urban heritage, postcolonial urbanity