Doina

music genre
Subclass of	Romanian folk music, traditional folk song
Country of origin	Romania
Intangible cultural heritage status	Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
Described at URL	https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00192, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00192

Doina (Romanian duma wi'a puan ti a dɛna: [dojna]) de la Romanian duma yuum ŋmɛ'a voole aŋa, dee ti a tuulesum ta'am ze'ele Eastern tiŋasuka bɔna, Romanian duma buuri malema puan kaareba yuunɛ,a me kelum dɛna la bala miŋa nuu 'Lãutãreascã. Ba me kelum dikɛ a yɛla lagum pa'asɛ 'Klezmer' yuuma puan mɛ^[1]. Yuuma la voole duma ŋwɔsum me kelum bɔna 'Eastern Europe la Balkans tinsi puan mɛ. 'Balkans tinsi basɛba wi'iri yuuma wa la 'Scarps bii Scary.

Tuulesum la aŋa (Origins and characteristics)

Béla Bartók n daa yeti doina la ze'ele la 'Northern Transylvania tiŋa, 1912 yuunɛ la puan. De a sakɛ sira ti a kɔ'ɔm dɛna la Romanian duma yuuma. La n me daa ta nyɛ yuuma wa buuri 'Ukraine, Albania, Algeria, India tiŋa East tiŋasuka la Northern bɔba, a daa kelum sakɛ sira ti bukana zele la 'Arabo-Persian' kuko^[2]. A me dikɛ Romanian duma doina la ta makɛ la 'Turkish/Arabic Makam bunɔ. Bartók's kilesego la, Romanian duma sɛba n biseri yuum zuo la daa la zagesɛ a kilsego la mɛ, de ba daa tugum zɛregɛ e me ti a ka boti Romanian duma yɛla. La ka malum nyaŋɛ iŋɛ ti ŋwɔsum bɔna Romanian duma doina la yuuma si'a n de East tiŋasuka duma yuuma ti karekipa sɛba n de Romanian^[3] la sɛba n dagi Romanian^[4] duma gulesɛ biŋe ti la gã la. Kɔ'ɔm ta paara '20th century' pusuka la, ti 'lautari la Klezmer' yunyuuneba yuum ŋmɛ yuum doose 'taksim' ti ba pa'alɛ yuunɛ la voole pɔsega. Taksim la n bala ti ba yuum nyaa tee ti a dɛna doina, mina ti ba pa'alɛ ti a tari la ŋwɔsum, dee ti a kɔ'ɔm ka dɛna Taksim. Romanian duma yuuma karekipa la yunyuuna 'Grigore Less, n daa ka naɛ la Iranian yunyuuneba de'em ba'asɛ la ti a daa baŋɛ ti 'Maramures' duma doina tari ŋwɔsum la 'Arabo-Persian yuuma.

Doina de la zaŋa yuuma zusum, kɔ'ɔm zɔna saazuo (pala la la dɛna 'Melismatic'), tɔgesɛ maalɛ voole. Yuuma yelebɛa sɛba n wɔgɛ la ni bɔna la bunaasi zuo bii bunuu zuo yelebɛa la duma puan. Doina la ni dɛna la voole n doli nuurɛ puan yɛsera na de dɛna 'monophonic' ti ba yuuna ti bu dɔla zi'isum sisesi: 'interjections' (mãi, hei, dui,iuhu), 'glottal clucking sounds', 'choked sobbing effects'. Doina ŋmɛ'a dela naana, ba me ni dɛna la wia (flutes), bii sɛba ti ba tara zamesera la, magesi wuu vuɔ (leaf). Doina sɛba n boi wa la, ka de buuri malema yuum buuri de ti ba ni yuuna ba ma'a, ba ni tara la ninmu'urɛ yuuna: fu sɛlesa ti fu "sia gã ma'asum" (de stâmpãrare Romanian tiŋa puan). Grigore Less sakɛ sira tii, kareki sɛba n guleseri pa'alɛ ba de'eni doina se'em, dee ka boti ti ba bɔkɛ n ki'iri zuputo puan la. Doina de la yuuma ti ba aŋa la dɛna buyila magesi wuu 'Melancholy, longing' (for), 'erotic feeling', tiŋa zuo nɔŋerɛ, com too yɛla de zusera ti Winɛ bo ba suma'asum.

Ka ani wuu kaareba doina, lãutar la klezmer doina ni yuuna dɔla la lɔgesuma (violin, pan-pipe, cymbalom, accordion, clarinet, tarogato, la ba zo'e zo'e). Kelum pa'asɛ, lãutar la klezmer doina la ni ka ŋmɛ'ɛra la ba ni san ta yeti ba tee yuunɛ dese'ere voole yele yele wuu la ni ta dɛna wa'a.Romania Southern so'olum puan, Romani lãutar maalɛ la doina yu'urɛ n de 'Cântec de ascultare (De vuurɛ De la "yuuma de fu sɛlesa", zaŋa ka sɛka ba ni ŋmɛa e la gi'i tii, de ascultare bii ascultare). Cântec de ascultare wiregɛ Romania so'olum basɛba.

Doina duma buuri buuri (Types of doina)

•Hora lungă - Maramureş.

•Ca pe luncă - found along the Danube.

•Oltului - found along the Olt River.

•De codru - codru means "forest".

•Haiduceşti (cântece haiduceşti, Cântece de haiducie) - "haiduc's songs" haiduc means "outlaw" or "brigand".

•Ca din tulnic - unique type in which the melody imitates a type of Alpenhorn called the tulnic.

Ciobanului - shepherd's doina.

•De dragoste - popular form, usually about love; dragoste means "love".

•De jale - mellow, mournful doina; jale means "grief".

•De leagăn - a lullaby; leagăn means "cradle".

•De pahar - drinking song; pahar means "drinking glass".

•Foaie verde - classical form; literally "green leaf".

•Klezmer - played by Jewish musicians from Bessarabia and Moldavia.

Nananewa aŋa (current status)

'20th century' saŋa lapɔsega puan, doina la yuunsɛka buuri nyɛa n ka tɔ la (zi'isum busebo yuuma buuri za'a n bala), zina beers wa a dee la a yese kaareba la vom puan, bii kaareba yuuma la n ani se'em la. Ba pugum pa'alɛ tɔ fole ana wa za'a la 'communist saŋa la sa, yuum kɔ'ɔm zɔna saazuo la yuse'ere ti nɛra woo kɔ'ɔm mina e la, tara de'emsãasi sina pa'asɛ bini dɛ'ɛn ti a nyaa dɔla bini tɛɛra de'emkɛka la. Doina wa me kelum kɔ'ɔm bɔna la lãutari ze'ele 'Ardeal' la Banat' so'olum la puan.

1976 yuunɛ la puan, BBC duma buuri TV yeleitɛ la puan ti nɛreba n vɔi vomsebo la basɛ mɛ ti 'Gheorge Zamfir yuunɛ n de " doina de Male". 'Epic rikɔɔdine duma dikɛ yuuma la biŋe peelumi halo de nyaa dikɛ e iŋɛ UK duma bunaasi daana zuo ba sɔega puan. 2009 yuunɛ la puan ti UNESCO duma yuum lagum dikɛ doina pa'asɛ 'Intangible Cultural Heritage' yu'ura puan.

== Viisegɔ lɔgerɔ ==

[1] ttps://books.google.com.gh/books?id=ZTQ7hzTUBJoC&pg=PA97&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

[2] ttps://books.google.com.gh/books?id=aSDMIkq_ds8C&pg=PA11&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

[3] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20131016164314/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Arts/music/Ethnomusic/Ethoworld/Romanian.htm

[4] Archive copy.

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