Relay is a high performance URL shortener built with Go and PostgreSQL.
Table of Contents
The application accepts a long URL and performs a single INSERT into the database.
The unique short code is created directly within PostgreSQL using a GENERATED ALWAYS AS column. This approach is highly efficient.
The generation process is:
- A new row gets a sequential
id. - The
short_codecolumn calls a custom SQL function,encode_base62(id). - The function shuffles the
idto make it non-sequential and then encodes it into a base-62 string.
Caching is implemented using Redis to store the mapping between short codes and long URLs.
- When a short code is requested, the application first checks Redis.
- If the short code is not found, it queries PostgreSQL.
- If the long URL is found in PostgreSQL, it is cached in Redis for future requests with TTL of 24 hours.
Because the applicated is deployed in a serverless environment, rate limiting is also implemented using Redis. The application uses a sliding window algorithm to limit the number of requests per user.
This isn't a scientific or realistic benchmark, but it gives an idea of the performance of the application in a local environment without network latency.
The test was ran using k6 and the machine was a MacBook Air M1 with 8GB RAM.
Test Results
adityaraj@macair testing % k6 run test.js
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execution: local
script: test.js
output: -
scenarios: (100.00%) 1 scenario, 3000 max VUs, 1m20s max duration (incl. graceful stop):
* default: Up to 3000 looping VUs for 50s over 3 stages (gracefulRampDown: 30s, gracefulStop: 30s)
█ TOTAL RESULTS
checks_total.......................: 612087 12241.764484/s
checks_succeeded...................: 100.00% 612087 out of 612087
checks_failed......................: 0.00% 0 out of 612087
✓ status is 201
HTTP
http_req_duration.......................................................: avg=196.29ms min=150µs med=228.47ms max=333.98ms p(90)=275.51ms p(95)=294.62ms
{ expected_response:true }............................................: avg=196.29ms min=150µs med=228.47ms max=333.98ms p(90)=275.51ms p(95)=294.62ms
http_req_failed.........................................................: 0.00% 0 out of 612087
http_reqs...............................................................: 612087 12241.764484/s
EXECUTION
iteration_duration......................................................: avg=196.35ms min=179.79µs med=228.52ms max=334.04ms p(90)=275.57ms p(95)=294.68ms
iterations..............................................................: 612087 12241.764484/s
vus.....................................................................: 49 min=49 max=3000
vus_max.................................................................: 3000 min=3000 max=3000
NETWORK
data_received...........................................................: 94 MB 1.9 MB/s
data_sent...............................................................: 118 MB 2.4 MB/s
running (0m50.0s), 0000/3000 VUs, 612087 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default ✓ [======================================] 0000/3000 VUs 50s- Clone the repository and navigate to the project directory:
git clone https://github.com/adistrim/relay cd relay - Create a
.envfile in the root directory and update it with your PostgreSQL and Redis URLs:cp .env.example .env
- Build the go application:
go build -o relay . - Run the application:
./relay
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details