let x = Rust::from("Python");

let x = Rust::from("Python");

fn main() {
  println!("Hello, World");
}

use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {
    let age = 80;
    let name = "daffy";
    let weight = 62.3;
    let mut loons = vec!["bugs", "daffy", "taz"];

    let mut ages = HashMap::new();  // Ages for 2017
    ages.insert("daffy", 80);
    ages.insert("bugs", 79);
    ages.insert("taz", 63);
}

/// Adds a to b
fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
  a + b
}

fn main() {
    let mut names = vec!["bugs", "taz", "tweety"];
    println!("{}", names[0]);  // bugs
    names.push("elmer");
    println!("{}", names.len());  // 4
    println!("{:?}", &names[2..]);  // ["tweety", "elmer"]

    for name in &names {
        println!("{}", name);
    }

    for (i, name) in names.iter().enumerate() {
        println!("{} at {}", i, name);
    }
}

for i in (0..10).step_by(2) {
    println!("{}", i);  // 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
}

use std::iter::FromIterator;
use std::collections::HashMap;

fn main() {

    // Creating a new HashMap and populating it
    let mut ages = HashMap::new();  // Ages for 2017
    ages.insert("daffy", 80);
    ages.insert("bugs", 79);
    ages.insert("taz", 63);

    // or doing the same using a loop
    let mut ages = HashMap::new();
    for &(name, age) in [("daffy", 80), ("bugs", 79), ("taz", 63)].iter() {
        // For non-Copy data, remove & and use iter().clone()
        ages.insert(name, age);
    }

    // or initializing from Array
    let mut ages: HashMap<&str, i32> =  // Ages for 2017
        [("daffy", 80), 
         ("bugs", 79), 
         ("taz", 63)]
        .iter().cloned().collect();

    // or initializing from Vec (Iterator)
    let mut ages: HashMap<&str, i32> =  // Ages for 2017
        HashMap::from_iter(
            vec![
               ("daffy", 80),
               ("bugs", 79),
               ("taz", 63)
            ]
        );

    ages.insert("elmer", 80);
    println!("{}", ages["bugs"]);  // 79
    println!("{}", ages.contains_key("bugs")); // true
    ages.remove("taz");


    for name in ages.keys() {  // Keys
      println!("{}", name);
    }

    for (name, age) in &ages {  // Keys & values
      println!("{} is {} years old", name, age);
    }

}

#[macro_use] extern crate maplit;

let map = hashmap!{
    "daffy" => 80,
    "bugs" => 79,
    "taz" => 63,
};

use std::collections::HashSet;
use std::iter::FromIterator;

fn main() {

    // creating and populating - type inference
    let mut colors = HashSet::new();
    colors.insert("red");
    colors.insert("green");
    colors.insert("blue");
    colors.insert("blue");

    // from an iterator - explicit type
    let mut colors: HashSet<&str> = HashSet::from_iter(vec!["red", "green", "blue", "blue"]);

    // deduplication
    println!("{:?}", colors); // {"blue", "green", "red"}

    // Operations
    let mut colors: HashSet<&str> = HashSet::from_iter(vec!["red", "green", "blue", "blue"]);
    let mut flag_colors: HashSet<&str> = HashSet::from_iter(vec!["red", "black"]);

    // difference
    colors.difference(&flag_colors); // ["green", "blue"]

    // symmetric difference
    colors.symmetric_difference(&flag_colors); // ["blue", "green", "black"]

    // intersection
    colors.intersection(&flag_colors); // ["red"]

    // union
    colors.union(&flag_colors); // ["red", "blue", "green", "black"]
}

#[macro_use] extern crate maplit;

let colors = hashset!{"red", "green", "blue", "blue"};

fn main() {

    // While loop
    let mut counter = 0;
    while counter < 10 {
        println!("{}", counter);
        counter += 1;
    }

    // infinite while loop
    loop {
        println!("Loop forever!");
    }

    // infinite while loop with break
    let mut counter = 0;
    loop {
        println!("{}", counter);
        counter += 1;
        if counter >= 10 { break; }
    }

    // infinite while loop with continue
    let mut counter = 0;
    loop {
        counter += 1;
        if counter == 5 { continue; }
        println!("{}", counter);
        if counter >= 10 { break; }
    }

    // for loop over a list
    for color in ["red", "green", "blue"].iter() {
        println!("{}", color);
    }

    // Enumerating indexes
    for (i, color) in ["red", "green", "blue"].iter().enumerate() {
        println!("{} at index {}", color, i);
    }

    // for in a range
    for number in 0..100 {
        println!("{}", number);  // from 0 to 99
    }
}

'outer: for x in 0..10 {
    'inner: for y in 0..10 {
        if x % 2 == 0 { continue 'outer; } // continues the loop over x
        if y % 2 == 0 { continue 'inner; } // continues the loop over y
        println!("x: {}, y: {}", x, y);
    }
}

use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead};
use std::fs::File;
use std::path::Path;


fn main () {
    let fp = File::open(Path::new("/tmp/song.txt")).unwrap();
    let file = BufReader::new(&fp);
    for line in file.lines() {
        //  Iterate over lines
        println!("{}", line.unwrap());
    }
}

fn div(a: f64, b: f64) -> Result<f64, &'static str> {
    if b == 0 {
        Err("b can't be 0")
    } else {
        Ok(a / b)
    }
}

fn main() {
    match div(1, 0) {
        Ok(_) => {},
        Err(_) => println!("An error occurred!"),
    };
}

use std::thread;

thread::spawn(|| {
        add(5,5);
    });

use std::thread;
use std::sync::mpsc;

fn main() {
    let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();

    let sender = thread::spawn(move || {
        let val = String::from("hi");
        tx.send(val.clone()).unwrap();
        println!("Sent {}", val);
    });

    let receiver = thread::spawn(move || {
        let received = rx.recv().unwrap();
        println!("Received: {}", received);
    });

    sender.join();
    receiver.join();
}

fn main() {
    let mut names = ["taz", "bugs", "daffy"];

    // Lexicographical order
    names.sort();

    // Reversed lexicographical order
    names.sort_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));

    // Sort by length
    names.sort_by_key(|a| a.len());
}

#![feature(plugin)]
#![plugin(rocket_codegen)]

extern crate rocket;

#[get("/")]
fn index() -> &'static str {
    "Hello Rust"
}

fn main() {
    rocket::ignite().mount("/", routes![index]).launch();
}

extern crate reqwest;
use std::io::Read;

fn main() {
    let url = "https://httpbin.org/ip";

    let mut resp = match reqwest::get(url) {
        Ok(response) => response,
        Err(e) => panic!("error: could not perform get request {}", e),
    };

    assert!(resp.status().is_success());

    let mut content = String::new();
    resp.read_to_string(&mut content).expect("valid UTF-8");

    println!("The response content is: {}", content);
}

extern crate reqwest;
use std::thread;


fn crawl_worker(url: &str) {
    let parsed_url = reqwest::Url::parse(url).expect("Bad url format.");
    let response = reqwest::get(parsed_url).expect("Failed to get url.");
    println!("Response of url: {} is {:?}", url, response.status().to_string());
}


fn main() {
    let urls = vec![
        "https://httpbin.org/html",
        "https://httpbin.org/links/10/0",
        "https://httpbin.org/robots.txt",
        "https://httpbin.org/user-agent",
        "https://httpbin.org/links/10/0",
        "https://httpbin.org/robots.txt",
        "https://httpbin.org/xml",
        "https://httpbin.org/redirect/1",
        "https://httpbin.org/redirect/2",
        "https://httpbin.org/cookies",
        "https://httpbin.org/basic-auth/user/passwd",
        "https://httpbin.org/gzip",
    ];
    let mut queue = vec![];

    for url in urls {
        queue.push(thread::spawn(move || {
            crawl_worker(url);
        }));
    }

    for job in queue {
        let _ = job.join();
    }
}

extern crate serde;
extern crate serde_json;

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Person {
    name: String,
    age: u8,
}

fn main() {
    // Decode/Deserialize
    let data = r#"{"name": "bugs", "age": 76}"#;

    let p: Person = match serde_json::from_str(data) {
        Ok(person) => person,
        Err(e) => panic!("error: could not deserialize: {}", e),
    };

    // Do things just like with any other Rust data structure.
    println!("{} was born {} years ago.", p.name, p.age);

    // Encode/Serialize
    let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&p).unwrap();
    println!("The serialized value is: {}", serialized);
}

struct Cat {
    name: String
}

impl Cat {

    pub fn new<S>(name: S) -> Cat where S: Into<String> {
        Cat { name: name.into() }
    }
    
    pub fn greet<S: Into<String>>(&self, other:S) {
        println!("Meow {}, I'm {}", other.into(), self.name);
    }     
    
}

fn main() {
    let grumpy = Cat::new("Grumpy");
    grumpy.greet("Garfield");  // Meow Garfield, I'm Grumpy
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Actor {
    name: String,
    age: i32
}

fn main() {
    let daffy = Actor {name: "Daffy".into(), age: 80};
    println!("{:#?}", daffy);   // Actor {name: "Daffy", age: 80 }
}

// rust code goes here