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Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques.

Author information

Affiliations

  • 1. Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York 10003, USA.
      Authors
    • Patterson SK 1
    • Higham JP 1
    (2 authors)
  • 2. High School of American Studies at Lehman College, Bronx, New York 10468, USA.
      Authors
    • Andonov E 2
    (1 author)
  • 3. Caribbean Primate Research Center, Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico.
      Authors
    • Arre AM 3
    • Martínez MI 3
    • Ruiz-Lambides A 3
    (3 authors)
  • 4. Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe 85281, USA.
      Authors
    • Negron-Del Valle JE 4
    • Phillips D 4
    • Snyder-Mackler N 4
    (3 authors)
  • 5. Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37235, USA.
      Authors
    • Petersen RM 5
    • Lea AJ 5
    (2 authors)
    • Show all (8)

ORCIDs linked to this article

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 28 Oct 2024, 379(1916):20220456
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0456 PMID: 39463249 

This is an update of "Early life adversity has sex-dependent effects on survival across the lifespan in rhesus macaques." bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 01:2023.08.30.555589. doi: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555589. This article is based on a previously available preprint.
Free full text available after 28 Oct 2025

Abstract 

Exposure to early life adversity is linked to detrimental fitness outcomes across taxa. Owing to the challenges of collecting longitudinal data, direct evidence for long-term fitness effects of early life adversity from long-lived species remains relatively scarce. Here, we test the effects of early life adversity on male and female longevity in a free-ranging population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We leveraged six decades of data to quantify the relative importance of 10 forms of early life adversity for 6599 macaques. Individuals that experienced more early life adversity died earlier than those that experienced less adversity. Mortality risk was highest during early life, defined as birth to 4 years old, but heightened mortality risk was also present in macaques that survived to adulthood. Females and males were affected differently by some forms of adversity, and these differences might be driven by varying energetic demands and dispersal patterns. Our results show that the fitness consequences of early life adversity are not uniform across individuals but vary as a function of the type of adversity, timing and social context, and thus contribute to our limited but growing understanding of the evolution of early life sensitivities.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Understanding age and society using natural populations'.

Full text links 

Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0456

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Funding 

Funders who supported this work.

Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences

    European Research Council

      NIH HHS

        National Institutes of Health