Threatening economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic on Utah’s economy proved to be short-lived, due in part to early budget cuts, federal economic relief, and an expanding economy that out-performed expectations. Subsequently, FY22 provided the Utah Legislature opportunities to invest in education, infrastructure, and social services. Legislators also used this opportunity to cut taxes for veterans, the elderly population, and families. As the state’s population continues to grow at record rates, Utah decisionmakers must grapple with rising housing prices and record-high rental rates. This report highlights specific challenges and opportunities Utah faced through negotiating a record-high budget of $25.6 billion and provides an overview of Utah’s economy and changing demographic makeup.

By the 2013 Legislative Session, the worst of the Great Recession was over.  For the first time in several years, Utah was not facing a financial crisis and lawmakers could afford to debate subjects that did not revolve around averting disaster.  With almost half a billion in new funding, legislators focused on the policy area the majority of Utahns consistently identify as a high priority – education. Considered by many a subdued session, many bills that could have proved controversial were shelved and lawmakers opted for interim studies rather than large appropriations. While the session was considered largely uneventful, legislators were challenged with responding to an investigation of the state Attorney General and passed several bills accordingly. Overall, the 2013 session marked the beginning of a return to fiscal health in Utah, and legislators could once again focus on issues beyond managing the budgetary stress and fallout from the recession.

Formulation of Utah’s $15.1 billion FY 2017 budget as usual reflected the state’s characteristic fiscal conservatism, however this year featured two notable changes – recognition of the state’s commitment to education, and a long-sought compromise on Medicaid expansion.  As usual, a big share of new funding – more than two thirds – supported public and higher education.  The total amount – $446 million – was 15% less than new money provided in the previous session.  However, the Governor and Press praised legislative efforts this year, whereas last year’s appropriations were met by public protest. The debate about Medicaid Expansion, a hot topic in Utah, finally reached a compromise. The plan is not considered “full expansion” under the Affordable Care Act, but it does provide medical coverage to the neediest individuals experiencing poverty.  Other notable budget changes include reversal and redirection of several transportation tax earmarks, and funding to challenge the federal government over control of public land.