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Wiktionary

folc

See also: Folc and FoLC

Catalan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *folk (“people, tribe”), perhaps via a Vulgar Latin fulcus. Compare Old French foulc (Modern French foule).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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folc m (plural folcs)

  1. herd, flock
    Synonym: ramat

Further reading

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Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin fulgur.

Noun

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folc m

  1. thunderbolt
    Synonyms: saete, sfulmin

Irish

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish folc (“heavy rain, wet weather”).

Noun

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folc f (genitive singular foilce, nominative plural folca)

  1. downpour, flood
Declension
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Declension of folc (second declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative folc folca
vocative a fholc a fholca
genitive foilce folc
dative folc folca
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an fholc na folca
genitive na foilce na bhfolc
dative leis an bhfolc
don fholc 		leis na folca
Derived terms
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  • folcmhar (“pouring, torrential”, adjective)

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish folcaid (“washes”), from Proto-Celtic *wolkīti. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic failc (“to bathe”), and more distantly Welsh golchi, Cornish golhi, Breton gwalc'hiñ.

Verb

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folc (present analytic folcann, future analytic folcfaidh, verbal noun folcadh, past participle folctha)

  1. (transitive) bathe
  2. (transitive) wash
  3. (transitive) immerse, submerge, drench
Conjugation
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conjugation of folc (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present folcaim folcann tú;
folcair† 		folcann sé, sí folcaimid folcann sibh folcann siad;
folcaid† 		a fholcann; a fholcas /
a bhfolcann* 		folctar
past d'fholc mé; d'fholcas /
fholc mé‡; fholcas‡ 		d'fholc tú; d'fholcais /
fholc tú; fholcais‡ 		d'fholc sé, sí /
fholc sé, sí‡ 		d'fholcamar; d'fholc muid /
fholcamar; fholc muid‡ 		d'fholc sibh; d'fholcabhair /
fholc sibh;
fholcabhair‡ 		d'fholc siad; d'fholcadar /
fholc siad; fholcadar‡ 		a d'fholc /
ar fholc* 		folcadh
past habitual d'fholcainn /
fholcainn‡; bhfolcainn‡‡ 		d'fholctá /
fholctá‡; bhfolctᇇ 		d'fholcadh sé, sí /
fholcadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcadh sé, s퇇 		d'fholcaimis; d'fholcadh muid /
fholcaimis; fholcadh muid‡; bhfolcaimis‡‡; bhfolcadh muid‡‡ 		d'fholcadh sibh /
fholcadh sibh‡; bhfolcadh sibh‡‡ 		d'fholcaidís; d'fholcadh siad /
fholcaidís; fholcadh siad‡; bhfolcaidís‡‡; bhfolcadh siad‡‡ 		a d'fholcadh /
a bhfolcadh* 		d'fholctaí /
fholctaí‡; bhfolcta퇇
future folcfaidh mé;
folcfad 		folcfaidh tú;
folcfair† 		folcfaidh sé, sí folcfaimid;
folcfaidh muid 		folcfaidh sibh folcfaidh siad;
folcfaid† 		a fholcfaidh; a fholcfas /
a bhfolcfaidh* 		folcfar
conditional d'fholcfainn / fholcfainn‡; bhfolcfainn‡‡ d'fholcfá / fholcfá‡; bhfolcfᇇ d'fholcfadh sé, sí / fholcfadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcfadh sé, s퇇 d'fholcfaimis; d'fholcfadh muid / fholcfaimis‡; fholcfadh muid‡; bhfolcfaimis‡‡; bhfolcfadh muid‡‡ d'fholcfadh sibh / fholcfadh sibh‡; bhfolcfadh sibh‡‡ d'fholcfaidís; d'fholcfadh siad / fholcfaidís‡; fholcfadh siad‡; bhfolcfaidís‡‡; bhfolcfadh siad‡‡ a d'fholcfadh /
a bhfolcfadh* 		d'fholcfaí / fholcfaí‡; bhfolcfa퇇
subjunctive present go bhfolca mé;
go bhfolcad† 		go bhfolca tú;
go bhfolcair† 		go bhfolca sé, sí go bhfolcaimid;
go bhfolca muid 		go bhfolca sibh go bhfolca siad;
go bhfolcaid† 		— go bhfolctar
past dá bhfolcainn dá bhfolctá dá bhfolcadh sé, sí dá bhfolcaimis;
dá bhfolcadh muid 		dá bhfolcadh sibh dá bhfolcaidís;
dá bhfolcadh siad 		— dá bhfolctaí
imperative folcaim folc folcadh sé, sí folcaimis folcaigí;
folcaidh† 		folcaidís — folctar
verbal noun folcadh
past participle folctha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms
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Mutation

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Mutated forms of folc
radical lenition eclipsis
folc fholc bhfolc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Middle English

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Noun

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folc

  1. (chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of folk

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.

Noun

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folc n

  1. people, folk
  2. army, troop

Inflection

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Declension of folc (neuter strong a-stem)
Singular Plural
nominative folc folc
accusative folc folc
genitive folcis, -es folco
dative folce, -i folcon

Descendants

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  • Middle Dutch: volc
    • Dutch: volk
      • Afrikaans: volk
      • Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk
      • → Sranan Tongo: folku
    • Limburgish: vouk

Further reading

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  • “folk”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *fulką (“people”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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folc n

  1. the people, especially the common people
    Lēodhatan frēoġaþ hīe selfe, ac hīe ġeþēowiaþ þæt folc.
    Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.
  2. a people, nation, or tribe
    "Iūdēum þyncþ þæt hīe sīen Godes ġecorene folc." "Hwā ne dēþ?"
    "The Jews think they're God's chosen people." "Who doesn't?"
  3. crowd
  4. the public
    • late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
      Hīe sæġdon þām folce þæt heora godu him wǣren ierru, tō þȳ þæt hīe him þā ġīet swīðor blēoten þonne hīe ǣr dydon.
      They told the public that their gods were angry at them, so they would sacrifice to them even more than they had before.
  5. (in the singular or plural) people (multiple individuals)
  6. military, army; troop
  7. (in compounds) popular
  8. (in compounds) public, common
  9. (in compounds) country, rural

Declension

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Declension of folc (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative folc folc
accusative folc folc
genitive folces folca
dative folce folcum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *wolkos, from a devoiced variant of Proto-Indo-European *welg-.[1]

Noun

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folc m

  1. wet weather, heavy rain

Inflection

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Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative folc folcL foilcL
Vocative foilc folcL folcuH
Accusative folcN folcL folcuH
Genitive foilcL folc folcN
Dative folcL folcaib folcaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

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Mutation

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Mutation of folc
radical lenition nasalization
folc ḟolc folc
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wolko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

Further reading

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Old Saxon

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Noun

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folc n

  1. Alternative spelling of folk
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