Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wesan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *wesaną.

Verb

*wesan^[1]

to be

Inflection

Irregular
Infinitive	wesan
1st sg. past	was
3rd pl. past	wāʀun
Infinitive	wesan
Genitive infin.	wesannjas
Dative infin.	wesannjē
Instrum. infin.	wesannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	im	was
2nd singular	iʀ	wāʀī
3rd singular	isti	was
1st plural	iʀum	wāʀum
2nd plural	iʀud	wāʀud
3rd plural	sindi	wāʀun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	sijē	wāʀī
2nd singular	sijēs	wāʀī
3rd singular	sijē	wāʀī
1st plural	sīm	wāʀīm
2nd plural	sīd	wāʀīd
3rd plural	sīn	wāʀīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	wes
Plural	wisid
	Present	Past
Participle	wesandī	weʀan

Descendants

This section only lists descendants of *wesan, the infinitive form. For descendants of other inflections, see the Descendants section of Proto-Germanic *wesaną.

Old English: wesan
- >? Middle English: wesen (“to tend flocks, pasture”)
Old Frisian: wēsa
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum: wees
  Halligen: weese
  Helgoland: wees
  Mooring: weese
- Saterland Frisian: weze
- West Frisian: wêze
Old Saxon: wesan
- Middle Low German: wēsen
  - Dutch Low Saxon: waen
  - German Low German: wesen, ween
Old Dutch: wesan, weson
- Middle Dutch: wēsen
  - Dutch: wezen
    - Afrikaans: wees
    - Jersey Dutch: wêze
    - Negerhollands: wees, wis
  - Limburgish: waeze
Old High German: wesan
- Middle High German: wësen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 113: “*wesan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 113: “*wesan”

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