Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péth₂r̥

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *peth₂- (“to fly”) +‎ *-r̥ (r/n-stem suffix).

Noun

*péth₂r̥ n (oblique stem *pth₂én-)

wing
feather

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular	collective
nominative	*péth₂r̥	*péth₂ōr
genitive	*pth₂éns	*pth₂nés
	singular	dual	plural	collective
nominative	*péth₂r̥	—	—	*péth₂ōr
vocative	*péth₂r̥	—	—	*péth₂ōr
accusative	*péth₂r̥	—	—	*péth₂ōr
genitive	*pth₂éns	—	—	*pth₂nés
ablative	*pth₂éns	—	—	*pth₂nés
dative	*pth₂éney	—	—	*pth₂néy
locative	pth₂én, pth₂éni	—	—	pth₂én, pth₂éni
instrumental	*pth₂énh₁	—	—	*pth₂néh₁

Alternative reconstructions

*pétr̥^[1]

Derived terms

*péth₂n-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *petnā^[2]
  - Latin: penna (see there for further descendants)
*péth₂n-o-s
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸetnos (see there for further descendants)
*péth₂r-eh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *feþrō (see there for further descendants)
*péth₂r-ó-m
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pera
  - >? Proto-Slavic: *pero (“feather”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pterón (< *pter-ó-m)
  - Ancient Greek: πτερόν (pterón)
    - Ancient Greek: πτερόω (pteróō), πτερωτός (pterōtós)

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒁁𒋻 n (pát-tar /⁠pattar⁠/, “wing”), 𒁁𒁕𒈾𒀸 (pád-da-na-aš /⁠pattanaš⁠/, gen.sg.)^[3]
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: թեր (tʻer, “*wing, *feather; *leaf; side”), թերթ (tʻertʻ, “leaf”), թիթեռն (tʻitʻeṙn, “butterfly”) < *pter-
  - Armenian: թեր (tʻer, “leaf”)
- Old Armenian: թիռ- (tʻiṙ-, “to fly”) < *ptēr-
- Old Armenian: փետուր (pʻetur, “feather”) (possibly; or a borrowing from other descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *ɸatar
- Proto-Brythonic: *adar
  - Welsh: adar

Unsorted formations

Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὑπο-πετρίδιος (hupo-petrídios, “winged”)
- Ancient Greek: πτέρυξ (ptérux) (possibly)

References

^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “penna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 458
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “^(UZU)pattas / pattan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 761-763